城市新移民自评健康状况及其影响因素分析

目的 了解城市新移民自评健康状况及其影响因素，为提高城市新移民的健康状况提供依据。方法 采用χ2检验比较不同自评健康状况城市新移民之间人口学特征、生活方式和健康状况之间的差异，采用有序Logistic回归得出城市新移民自评健康的影响因素。结果 城市新移民自评健康好、一般、差的人数分别为3 247例（71.8%）、1 092例（24.2%）和181例（4.0%）。多因素分析显示，在城市新移民中18~岁、30~岁和60~岁年龄段人群和70岁及以上年龄段人群相比自评健康更好；初中学历者和高中及以上学历者相比，自评健康状况更好；无工作或者退休者相比有工作者，自评健康状况更差；无两周患病、无慢性病、无一年住院和无抑郁者自评健康状况更好；不喝酒和偶尔喝酒的人群相比于经常喝酒的人群，自评健康状况更差；睡眠时间<6 h者相比与睡眠时间 ≥ 9 h者，自评健康状况更差。结论 应该加强老年人、无业或退休人群、高文化水平等重点人群的健康管理，从而促进相应人群的健康水平。

Analysis on the self-rated health of urban new immigrants and its influencing factors

Objective To understand the health status of self-rated health of urban new immigrants and its influencing factors, so as to provide evidence for enhancing the health status of urban new immigrants. Methods The chi-square test was used to compare the differences in demographic characteristics, lifestyles and health status among urban new immigrants in different self-rated health status. The ordinal Logistic regression was used to determine the influencing factors of urban new immigrant self-assessment health. Results A total of 3 247(71.8%) of urban new immigrants evaluated their health status as good, 1 092(24.2%) as general and 181(4.0%) as poor. Multi-factor analysis showed that urban new immigrants aged 18-, 30-, and 60-years old had better self-rated health than those aged 70 years and older; comparing with urban new immigrants with the academics, those with junior high school, high school and above had better self-rated health; urban new immigrants with no work or retirees had self-worse self-rated health; urban new immigrants who had no two weeks of illness, no chronic disease, no one-year hospitalization and no depression had better self-rated health; those who did not drink alcohol and drink occasionally had worse self-rated than those who drunk regularly; those who slept less than 6 hours had worse self-rated health than those who slept 9 hours and over. Conclusion More attention should be paid to the urban new immigrants who are the elderly, unemployed or retired, with high cultural level to promote the health of the urban new immigrants.