中国中老年人群膳食结构及其变化趋势

目的利用2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查的资料,对45岁及以上中老年人群膳食营养状况进行分析,并对其食物消费现状与1992年营养调查资料进行比较。方法全国31个省/直辖市/自治区的132个调查点中选取23470户进行了膳食调查,样本人群中共有26918名45岁以上中老年人。膳食调查采用连续3d24h回顾询问法调查所有摄入食物,及用"称重法"调查家庭调味品消费量。结果男/女性平均食物摄入量:谷类425.9g/363.7g,干豆及豆制品17.5g/14.8g,蔬菜287.7g/265.6g,水果37.6g/42.9g,畜禽类77.4g/63.3g,鱼类34.9g/30.5g,奶类32.5g/33g,烹调油44.5g/38g,食盐13.2g/11.1g,酱油10.6g/8.6g。结论与1992年中国居民营养调查比较,2002年城乡中老年人群膳食结构发生了明显的变化。动物性食物、奶类摄入量有所增加,以农村变化更明显;谷类食物摄入量减少,烹调油消费量则明显增加,膳食不平衡比10年前更甚。

STUDY ON THE DIETARY PATTERN AND TRENDS AMONG MIDDLE AND AGED CHINESE POPULATION

Objective To describe the status and trend of food consumption of Chinese residents aged 45 and over. Method 26918 subjects aged 45 years and over were randomly sampled from 132 counties in 31 provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities. The 24 h dietary recall method for 3 consecutive days was used to collect food intake information,and weighting method to collect the condiment intake. Results The average food consumption in male/female was cereals 425.9g/363.7g;vegetables 287.7g/265.6g;fruits 37.6g/42.9g,legumes 17.5g/14.8g;meats77.4g/63.3g;fishery products 34.9g/30.5g; dairy products 32.5g/ 33g;eggs 25.6g/23.1g;edible oil 44.5g/38g;table salt 13.2g/11.1g and soy sauce 10.6g/8.6g. Conclusion Food pattern changed a lot compared with the data of national nutrition survey in 1992. The consumption of animal products,milk,and edible oil was increased,but of dairy and legume products was still low and the improvement was needed. The unbalance was showed with a downward trend in cereals,vegetables and fruits consumption and a significant increase in animal products and oil.