长期中低强度健身锻炼对老年代谢综合征危险因素影响的追踪观察

目的:观察长期健身锻炼对老年代谢综合征及其危险因素的影响。方法:293名60～85岁门诊患者按健身锻炼方式不同分为对照组(无规律性健身锻炼)、锻炼1组(坚持琴棋书画、气功等传统养生健身锻炼5年以上)、锻炼2组(长期有规律参加健身运动,每周至少3次,每次30分钟以上,运动强度为10～20METs-h/week)和锻炼3组(运动项目、时间、频率同锻炼2组,运动强度为20～40METs-h/week)。对代谢综合征危险因素进行为期3年的追踪观察。结果:随着年龄增长,代谢综合征各项危险因素发病率逐渐增高,但速度放缓。锻炼1组和锻炼2组体重指数、血压、血糖控制好于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组老年人代谢综合征发病率达29.9%,高于各锻炼组。锻炼1组和锻炼2组代谢综合征危险因素在观察期间新发病率低于对照组,亦低于未加饮食控制的锻炼3组。结果提示:传统养生健身锻炼和低强度锻炼对控制老年人代谢综合征危险因素发生率有一定作用。在老年人群中开展各种形式的健身锻炼,并辅以饮食控制,对预防控制代谢综合征及其危险因素具有重要作用。

Observation on Effects of Chronic Exercise with Mild or Moderate Intensity on Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome in the Elderly

Objective To observe the effects of chronic exercise with mild or moderate intensities on the risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MS) in the elderly. Methods Two hundred and ninety-three outpatients, aged 60～85, were divided into four groups: sedentary, regimen exercise, exercise with mild intensity (mild group) (30min each time, 3 times per week, 10～20 METs-h/wk) and exercise with moderate intensity (moderate group) (20～40 METs-h/wk) in order to observe the changes in risk factors of metabolic syndrome within a period of three years. Results The prevalence of metabolic syndrome slowly increased with increasing of age. The changes in body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), fasting glucose (FPG) of subjects in regimen and mild groups were superior to those in sedentary group (P < 0.05). The prevalence of MS in sedentary group was higher than that in the exercise groups. The average prevalence of MS in sedentary group was up to 29.9%, which was significantly higher than that in other exercise groups. The newly occurred risk factors of MS in regimen and mild groups were significantly lower than that in sedentary and moderate groups. Conclusions This study suggested that regimen or exercise with mild intensity along, or combined with diet control could reduce the risk factors of metabolic syndrome.