Cardioprotective effects of the MR contrast agent MnDPDP and its metabolite MnPLED upon reperfusion of the ischemic porcine myocardium

Purpose: To evaluate whether manganese dipyridoxyl diphosphate (MnDPDP) or its metabolite manganese dipyridoxyl ethyldiamine (MnPLED) reduces post-ischemic myocardial injury.Material and Methods: Left anterior descending artery (LAD) in anesthetized pigs was occluded (30 min) followed by reperfusion (120 min) during hemodynamic monitoring and infarct assessment. Three μmol/kg MnDPDP, 1 μmol/kg MnPLED (or a mixture of both) or saline was injected i.v. 10 min before reperfusion followed by infusion of either 3 μmol/kg/h MnDPDP, 1 μmol/kg/h MnPLED (or a mixture of both) or saline. The plasma concentrations of MnDPDP, MnPLED and other metabolites (e.g., ZnDPDP and ZnPLED) were analyzed.Results: Femoral blood flow was reduced by 60% during early reperfusion in controls, whereas only 23 and 31% reductions were seen in animals treated with MnDPDP and MnPLED. During that time, +LV/dP and -LV/dP (maximum rate of left ventricular isovolumic contraction and relaxation, respectively), systolic pressure and diastolic pressure fell significantly less in animals treated with MnDPDP or MnPLED. Three out of 5 control animals experienced ventricular fibrillation (VF) during reperfusion, whereas VF was not seen in any of the pigs treated with MnPLED or/and MnDPDP. The infarct sizes in saline- and MnPLED-treated animals were 39±6 and 16±5%, respectively, of the occluded areas. MnDPDP did not reduce the infarct size. A mixture of MnDPDP and MnPLED significantly reduced infarct size (10±4%). When reperfusion started and throughout reperfusion, almost all injected MnDPDP was present as Zn-metabolites.Conclusion: MnPLED seems to reduce reperfusion-induced cardiac dysfunction and infarct size in pigs. MnDPDP does not reduce infarct size in the pig, probably because of the rapid exchange of Mn²⁺ for Zn²⁺ taking place in the pig.