阿尔茨海默病与轻度认知障碍患者的营养状况分析

目的探讨营养因素对阿尔茨海默病（AD）认知障碍进展的影响。方法采用病例对照研究,选择轻中度AD52例、轻度认知障碍（MCI）51例,相匹配的正常人群55例为对照组。所有研究对象均填写一般情况量表、营养调查表;测评MMSE、ADL量表。测量身高、体重,计算体质量指数,测定血清叶酸、维生素B12等指标水平。结果 AD的体质量指数（20.33±5.07）明显低于MCI（23.54±4.42）、对照组（24.68±4.36）（P〈0.05）,其他营养指标均无统计学差异;AD组叶酸、VitB12水平[（17.5±5.3）nmol/L,（302.3±210.5）pmol/L]明显低于MCI[（23.3±6.7）nmol/L,（399.6±197.8）pmol/L]及对照组[（24.2±5.4）nmol/L,（421.8±235.4）pmol/L]（P〈0.05）;AD和MCI组的血清叶酸、Vit B12水平均与MMSE、ADL评分无相关性（P〉0.05）。结论 AD患者存在身体营养障碍,其中体质量指数较敏感;AD患者存在叶酸、维生素B12水平的下降,但血清叶酸、维生素B12水平与AD的严重程度无关。

Nutritional analysis of patients with alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairnent

Objective To determine the influence of nutritional factors on the cognitive disorder progress during alzheimer diseaes.Methods 52 moderate and mild AD,51 mild cognition impaired patients and 55 controls were evaluated by general scale,mini-nutritional assessment scale,MMSE and ADL scale.Height,weight,body mass index（BMI）,serum folic acid and vitamin B12 were measured.Results The BMI of AD（20.33±5.07） was significantly lower than those of MCI（23.54±4.42） and controls（24.68±4.36）（P〈0.05）.The serum folic acid and vitamin B12 of AD [（17.5±5.3）nmol/L,（302.3±210.5）pmol/L] were obviously lower than those of MCI [（23.3±6.7）nmol/L,（399.6±197.8）pmol/L] and controls [（24.2±5.4）nmol/L,（421.8±235.4）pmol/L]（P〈0.05）.There was no significant association between MMSE,ADL scale and serum folic acid and vitamin B12 level of AD MCI groups（P〈0.05）.Conclusions Impaired nutritions（BMI,mini-nutritional assessment scale,serum folic acid and vitamin B12） commonly exist in patients with AD,moreover,BMI is more sensitive for AD.Serum folic acid and vitamin B12 are lower in the AD group,however,there are no association between serum folic acid,vitamin B12 level and severity of AD.