甲卡西酮成瘾者的心理特点及其对戒毒的启示

目的:通过调查分析强制隔离戒毒人员中甲卡西酮成瘾者的心理特点,为开展有针对性的分类矫治提供理论依据。方法:通过问卷收集甲卡西酮组(177人)、冰毒组(153人)和海洛因组(64人)的人口学信息、毒品滥用史和人格特点,比较不同组心理特点的异同。结果:3组成瘾者在年龄、受教育程度、首次吸毒年龄、强戒次数和吸毒使用时间上均存在显著差异(F=14.24,5.34,20.93,119.74,189.85;P0.01)。甲卡西酮组的冲动性和感觉寻求显著低于冰毒组和海洛因组(F=4.53,13.13;P0.01),自我控制显著高于冰毒组和海洛因组(F=9.99,P0.01),只有冰毒组的身体攻击得分显著高于甲卡西酮组(F=5.03,P0.01)。成瘾者的首次吸毒年龄与冲动性、感觉寻求呈显著负相关,与自我控制呈显著正相关(r=-0.227,-0.312,0.217;P0.001)。结论:不同毒品成瘾者具有不同的人格特点,应根据成瘾者的心理和行为特点进行有针对性的矫治。

The Psychological Characteristics of Mephedrone Addicts and Its Implication for Correction

Objective:To explore the psychological characteristics of mephedron addicts and provide theoretical ba-sis to carry out personalized psychotherapy intervention in compulsory isolated drug detoxification and rehabilitation. Methods:394 participants were asked to fulfill questionnaires,which were divided into three groups:Heroin group, methamphetamine group and mephedrone group.Demographic data,drug abuse history and personality characteris-tics were collected.Results:There were significant differences in age,education years,the onset age,drug use years and time of drug abuse among three groups(F =14.24,5.34,20.93,119.74,189.85;P <0.01).In the scores of impul-sive and sensation seeking,mephedrone group was significantly higher than MA group and heroin group(F =4.53, 13.13;P <0.01),but in the score of self-control,mephedrone group was significantly less than MA group and hero-in group(F =9.99,P <0.01).The MA group was significantly higher than mephedrone group in the score of aggres-sion(F =5.03,P < 0.01 ).The onset age of drug use was markedly negatively associated with impulsive,sensation seeking and was markedly positively associated with self-control(r =-0.227,-0.312,0.217;P <0.001 ).Conclusion:There are similarities and differences in personality characteristics among three groups.It is necessary to implement individualized psychological and behavioral invention treatment.