精神科门诊就诊青少年特征及心理健康状况

目的:了解精神科门诊就诊青少年的特征及心理健康状况,为心理问题青少年求助现状分析提供依据。方法:对2014年9月—2015年9月来川北医学院附属医院精神科门诊就诊的青少年689人进行回顾分析,并对所评定的症状自评量表(SCL-90)结果进行分析。结果:就诊青少年中在校学生占71.7%,显著高于非学生人群(χ~2=2.595,P=0.000);其中高中生占62.6%,初中生占25.3%,其他学生占10.9%。青少年中有341人存在中度以上心理问题,占总人数的49.5%,包括52.2%的学生和42.6%的非学生;学生和非学生青少年中度以上心理问题检出占前3位的分别为:敌对、强迫、抑郁和抑郁、敌对、人际关系敏感;学生人群强迫症状和敌对因子得分显著高于非学生人群(t=2.408,P=0.016;t=2.632,P=0.009);女生抑郁程度较男生更严重(t=2.352,P=0.019);就诊青少年SCL-90各因子均分均显著高于国内青少年常模(t=9.290~18.416,P0.001)。结论:精神科就诊青少年以中学生为主,且多为心理问题较严重的个体,故应加强心理健康知识的宣讲,引导更多有心理问题的青少年对专业心理卫生资源的利用,促进其身心健康。

The Features and the Mental Health Status of Adolescents that Visited in Psychiatric Out-patient Clinic

Objective:To investigate the features and the mental health status of adolescents that visited in the psychiatric out-patient clinic,and to provide basis for seek help status about adolescents.Methods:689 adolescents visiting in the psychiatric out-patient clinic in the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from September 2014 to September 2015 were included;the mental health status was assessed by SCL-90.Results:71.7％ adolescents who visited in the psychiatric out-patient clinic were school students,the number of which was significantly higher than that of the non-student population(x 2 =2.595,P ＜ 0.001),which accounted for 62.6 ％ of high school students,25.3％ junior high school students and 10.9％ of others.About 341 adolescents had more than moderate psychological problems,included 52.2％ school students,and 42.6 ％ non-students.The first three factors of school students were hostility,compulsiveness,depression and the three factors of non-students were depression,hostility and interpersonal sensitivity.The scores about compulsiveness and hostility of school students were significantly higher than that of non-students (t =2.408,2.632;P ＜ 0.05).Girls' degree of depression were heavier than boys'(t =2.352,P＜0.05).Each factor of SCL-90 score was significantly higher than the counterparts in the norms(t =9.290 ～ 18.416,P ＜0.001).Conclusion:Adolescents visiting in the psychiatric out-patient clinic in hospital are high school students mainly,and psychological problems are much more severe.So it should strengthen the propaganda of mental health knowledge,and to guide more adolescents with psychological problems to seek professional psychological help,to promote their mental health.