正念冥想训练对大学生心理健康和睡眠质量的干预作用

目的:本研究主要考察正念冥想训练对大学生心理健康及睡眠质量的干预作用。方法:对40名自认为睡眠质量较差或期望通改善自身焦虑水平或学习压力的大学生进行为期8周每周1次的正念冥想训练。同时由40名同学校的学生组成控制组。在干预前后及干预测量干预组和对照组的学生的正念觉知量表、SCL-90的焦虑、抑郁和强迫症状分量表及匹兹堡睡眠质量量表,正念干预组在干预结束6个月后进行第三次测量。结果:1通过8周的正念冥想训练,干预组的焦虑(F=4.68,P0.05,η2=0.061,珚x前测=20.94;(珚x)后测=19.49)、抑郁(F=19.02,P0.01,η2=0.209,珚x前测=24.43,珚x后测=21.49)和强迫症状(F=4.27,P0.05,η2=0.056,珚x前测=30.06,珚x后测=28.11)均显著降低,而对照组前后测的焦虑(珚x前测=19.13,珚x后测=18.68)、抑郁(珚x前测=23.23,珚x后测=22.74)和强迫症状(珚x前测=28.13,珚x后测=28.67)均无显著变化;2正念冥想组的大学生的睡眠质量在干预后有显著的改善(F=6.67,P0.05,η2=0.09),而对照组无明显变化(珚x前测=5.41,珚x后测=5.26);36个月追踪显示,正念组的心理健康水平和睡眠质量在干预6个月后恢复到干预前的水平。结论:正念冥想训练可以在短期内改善大学生的心理健康和睡眠质量。

The Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Improving University Students' Mental Health and Quality of Sleep

Objective:To investigate the effect of mindfulness meditation training on university student's mental health and quality of sleep.Methods:Forty university students who reported bad sleeping quality or hoped to improve their anxiety or learning stress were assigned to mindfulness meditation training group.They took part in mindfulness meditation training for 8 weeks,once per week.Another 40 university students were enrolled as the control group and did not have any training.Both groups were tested pre,immediately after training with mindfulness,anxiety,depression,obsessive-compulsive symptom and quality of sleep.The mindfulness meditation group was tested again 6 months after the training.Results:1)The training group's anxiety (F =4.68,P＜0.05),depression(F=19.02,P ＜0.01) and obsessive-compulsive symptom (F =4.27,P ＜0.05) decreased significantly after training;The control groups' anxiety,depression,and obsessive-compulsive symptom did not differ pre and post tests.2) The mediation training groups' sleep quality were significantly improve after the training (F =6.67,P ＜ 0.05);The control group did not differ between the pre and post tests;3)Six months after the training,the mental health and quality of sleep of the mediation training group returned to the pre level before training.Conclusion:Mindfulness meditation training can improve university students' mental health and quality of sleep at least in short term.