3～6岁自闭症儿童面部表情识别的眼动实验

目的:探讨3~6岁自闭症儿童面部表情识别的影响因素。方法:采用眼动技术,观察高言语水平组与低语言水平组对不同情绪类型的陌生者面部表情和熟悉者面部表情图片的注视情况。结果:(1)在注视时间、注视点个数、注视率3项因变量指标上,言语能力的主效应均不显著(P0.05);(2)在注视点个数以及注视率上,表情性质的主效应显著(F=6.35,3.97;P0.05);(3)在注视时间上,面孔分区与熟悉度的交互作用显著(F=6.43,P0.05);(4)在注视点个数和注视率上,熟悉度与表情性质的交互作用显著(F=4.29,P0.05;F=6.73,P0.01)。结论:言语能力对自闭症儿童面部表情识别的影响较小;自闭症儿童对熟悉面孔的识别能力较好;自闭症儿童整体表现出对积极表情和消极情表情的注意偏好。

Facial Expression Recognition in Children with Autism Aged 3~6 Years:Evidence from Tracking Eye Movements

Objective:To explore the influence factors on facial expression recognition of children with autism aged 3~6 years.Methods:Adopting the eye movement tracking technique and observing attention on the familiar and un-familiar faces expressing different emotions.Results:①Verbal ability's main effect was not significant for all the three respondent indexes.②On the fixation point number and fixation rate,the expression of the nature of the main effect was significant(F=6.35,3.97;P <0.05).③On the fixation time,face partition had significant interactions with facial familiarity(F=6.43,P <0.05).④On the fixation point number and fixation rate,facial familiarity had significant in-teractions with the expression of the nature(F=4.29,6.73;P <0.05 ).Conclusion:①Verbal ability has little impact on facial expression recognition ability for autistic children aged between 3 to 6 years old.②Autistic children perform better on familiar faces recognition.③Autistic children show common preference for positive and negative emotions.