Focus on the effect of orthognathic surgery on condylar remodeling

Condylar remodeling is a physiologic process that aims to adapt the structure of the temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) to meet the functional demands. It is based on an interaction between the mechanical forces sustained by the TMJ and the adaptative capacities of the condyle. Orthognathic surgery can sometimes be responsible for an excessive physical stress to the articular surfaces. In these cases, normal functional condylar remodelling shifts to the process of progressive condylar resorption. Effect of orthognathic surgery on condylar remodeling is a poorly understood and controversial issue. It is however considered as an etiology of postoperative skeletal relapse following orthognathic surgery. Based on two case reports, etiopathogenic hypotheses of this process are discussed as well as predisposing factors to condylar resorption following orthognathic surgery.