直肠系膜的形态结构特点及临床意义

目的：明确直肠系膜的内容、形态学特点及毗邻关系。方法：对35具尸体材料进行解剖，运用大体解剖、组织学、透射电镜和核磁共振等方式进行观察、记录。结果：直肠系膜是包绕在直肠周围的血管、淋巴管、神经及脂胁组织，其上端与乙状结肠系膜相延续，下端在直肠肛管连接处明显变薄后止于该处；在直肠的前腹膜反折以上由腹膜覆盖存盆脏筋膜的外面，反折以下盆脏筋膜的前面有Denonvilliers’筋膜，结论：直肠系膜是包绕在袖套样盆脏筋膜之内(包括盆脏筋膜在内)的直肠周围所有血管、淋巴管和淋巴结、神经及脂肪组织等共同构成的独立解剖结构。

Morphological characteristics and clinical significance of the mesorectum

Objective: To study the morphological characteristics and clinical significance of the mesorectum. Methods: Thirty-five specimens (25embalmed, 5 fresh) were studied with anatomic observation, MRI, light and electron microscopes. Results: The mesorectum was the tissues surrounding the vessels, lympha- tics, nerves and adipose tissue of rectum. Its anterior part was thin, but the othe parts (the laterals and posterior) thick. The upper extremity of mesorectum stretched to the sigmoid mesocolon, and the inferior extremity attached to the junction of anorectum and became thin in here. Anterior to the rectum, the visceral fascia was covered by peritoneum above the peritoneal reflection, but covered by Denonvilliers' fascia below the peritoneal reflection. Conclusions: The mesorectum was an independent structure composed by the tissues of vessels, lymphatic, nerve and adipose tissues surrounding the rectum, which located on the cuffing visceral fascia.