生长年限、海拔和光照对大黄中8种成分量的影响研究

目的分析生长年限、海拔、光照因素对大黄中蒽醌和鞣质类等8种成分量的影响,为大黄种植最佳生长条件的选择提供理论依据。方法采用HPLC法同时测定人工种植的54批药用大黄样品中芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚、大黄酚-1-O-葡萄糖苷、大黄素-8-O-葡萄糖苷、(+)-儿茶素8种成分的量,并采用方差分析进行不同生长年限、不同海拔、不同光照环境(阴坡、阳坡)与各成分量的相关性分析。结果 1、2、3年生的游离型蒽醌质量分数平均值分别为4.26、5.18、8.10 mg/g,结合型蒽醌质量分数平均值分别为4.67、5.62、6.76 mg/g,(+)-儿茶素质量分数平均值分别为3.12、4.18、4.72mg/g。在海拔(1 300±50)、(1 500±50)、(1 700±50)m 3个不同的范围,1年生与2年生和3年生比较,大黄中8种成分的量有极显著性差异(P0.01)。在3个不同的生长年限之中,海拔(1 300±50)m处的大黄中8种成分的量与(1 500±50)m和(1 700±50)m处大黄比较,有极显著性差异(P0.01)。在3个不同的生长年限和3个不同海拔范围,阴坡和阳坡的大黄中8种成分的量相比,无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论在同一生长年限,随海拔的升高,以及同一生长海拔范围,随生长年限的增加,大黄中蒽醌和鞣质类的量都呈现明显的上升趋势,有显著性差异。而光照(阴坡、阳坡)不同时,大黄中蒽醌和鞣质类的量无显著性差异,但其蒽醌和鞣质类量的均数阳坡高于阴坡。大黄人工种植宜选择海拔在1 400 m以上,生长年限不低于3年,阳光直接照射的阳坡环境,有利于提高药用大黄中蒽醌和和鞣质类化学成分的总量。

Effects of growth years, altitude, and light factors on contents of eight components in Rheum officinale

Objective To study the effects of growth factors, altitude, and illumination (shady slope and sunny slope) on anthraquinones and tannins in medicinal rhubarb, and to find the theoretical basis for choosing the optimum growth conditions for rhubarb. Methods The contents of aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, emodin, chrysophanol-1-O-glucoside, emodin-8-O-glucoside and (+)-catechin of different growth years at different altitudes and with different illumination were analyzed by variance analysis. Results The mean contents of free anthraquinones in 1-, 2-, and 3-year rhubarb were 4.26, 5.18, and 8.10 mg/g, respectively. The mean contents of conjugated anthraquinones were 4.67, 5.62, and 6.76 mg/g, and the contents of (+)-catechin were 3.12, 4.18, and 4.72 mg/g, respectively. There were significant differences among the three altitude ranges of (1 300 ±50), (1 500 ±50), and (1 700 ±50) m. There were significant differences between (1 300 ±50) m and (1 500 ±50) m and (1 700 ±50) m in three different growth years (P< 0.01). There was no significant difference between shady slope and sunny slope in three different growth years and different altitudes (1 300 ±50 m, 1 500 ±50 m, 1 700 ±50 m) (P > 0.05). Conclusion The contents of anthraquinones and tannins in rhubarb increase significantly with the increase of altitude with the same growth range and in the same growth year. There is significant difference between the growth years. When the illumination (shady slope and sunny slope) was different, there is no significant difference in the anthraquinone and tannin contents, but the average contents of anthraquinone and tannin in the sunny slope are higher than those in the shady slope. Artificial cultivation of medicinal rhubarb should be selected at an altitude of 1 400 m above the growth year of not less than 3 years, direct sunshine environment, which is conducive to improve the total contents of anthraquinone and tannin in medicinal rhubarb.