滇黄精研究进展及黄精研究现状

黄精Polygonati Rhizoma是百合科Liliaceae多年生草本植物,为我国传统药材,具有补气养阴,健脾,润肺,益肾的功效。迄今为止已发现40余种该属植物,我国约有31种。2010版《中华人民共和国药典》收载了3种黄精(黄精Polygonatum sibiricum,滇黄精P.kingianum和多花黄精P.cyrtonema)。黄精是传统补益类中药,集药用、食用、观赏和保健于一身,具有极高的经济价值和社会效益,有着巨大的开发潜力和广阔的市场前景。黄精化学成分多样,药理活性广泛,在增强免疫力、调节机体平衡、延缓衰老等保健方面,和治疗糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化、肿瘤等疾病方面,都极具开发价值。滇黄精是中药黄精的3个基源品种之一,分布于以云南为中心的西南地区,以块大、色黄、润泽、断面透明的品质著称。近年来,市场需求不断增大,野生资源却不断萎缩,相对需求量急剧上升。为合理开发云南的滇黄精资源,本文通过查阅上1960年代以来有关黄精的研究文献,总结和阐述黄精在历史记载、植物分类、资源分布、生物学特性、生药鉴定、品质评价、化学成分、药理作用、人工栽培和产品开发等各方面的研究进展和现状,为促进滇黄精的基础研究和综合利用提供有益的参考。

Progress in Study of Polygonatum kingianum and Research Status of Polygonati Rhizoma

Polygonati Rhizoma is a kind of restoratives of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), with diverse chemical components and wide pharmacological effects. It has effects in promoting immunity, improving function balance, delaying senility, and treating challenging diseases, like diabetes, atherosis and cancer. The herb Polygonatum kingianum is one of the three source species of Polygonati Rhizoma, and distributed in southwest Yunnan province. Compared with the other two species P. sibiricum and P. cyrtonema, P. kingianum is known for good quality in a large size, yellow colour, high moisture and apparent section. To rationally exploit abundant resources of P. kingianum, we consulted references concerning Polygonati Rhizoma published since 1960s, and then summarized and elaborated the study advance in historic record, crude drug identification, chemical composition, pharmacological activity, artificial cultivation and product development, so as to provide helpful reference for both basic research and comprehensive utilization of P. kingianum.