母亲孕期甲状腺功能亢进症和服用抗甲状腺药物对新生儿甲状腺功能的影响

目的探讨妊娠期间母亲合并甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)和服用抗甲状腺药物(ATDs)对新生儿甲状腺功能的影响.方法选取1983年1月1日～2003年12月31日在北京协和医院出生、其母亲妊娠期间合并甲亢、出生后5～7 d内测定过甲状腺功能的35例新生儿,根据母亲孕期甲状腺功能状态和开始服用ATDs的时间分组,对新生儿甲状腺功能异常率及其影响因素进行回顾性分析.结果新生儿甲状腺功能异常比例为48.6%(17/35),其中新生儿甲状腺功能低下(甲低)、高促甲状腺激素(TSH)血症分别占29.4%、29.4%,低T4血症和中枢性甲低分别占35.3%和5.9%.甲亢母亲孕晚期才开始服用ATDs组的新生儿甲状腺功能异常显著增加(P＜0.01),早产儿、母亲中重度妊高征、脐血抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体阳性和脐血TSH水平异常时,新生儿甲状腺功能异常比例显著增加(P＜0.05).结论母亲甲亢孕晚期才开始治疗可导致新生儿甲状腺功能异常发生增加.对母亲孕期甲亢应做到早期发现、早期治疗,以减少新生儿甲状腺功能异常的发生.

Effects of maternal hyperthyroidism and antithyroid drug therapy on thyroid function of newborn infants

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the incidence of abnormal thyroid function of newborns and maternal hyperthyroidism with antithyroid drug therapy. Method The clinical data of 35 neonates born to mothers with hyperthyroidism from 1983 to 2003 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. According to the maternal thyroid function and the antithyroid drugs taken during pregnancy, subjects were divided into different groups. Results The proportion of abnormal thyroid function in newborn was 48.6%(17/35). The prevalences of primary hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, hypothyroxinemia, and central hypothyroidism were 29.4%, 29.4%, 35.3%, and 5.9%, respectively. The incidence of abnormal throid function of neonates whose mothers did not take the antithyroid drugs (ATDs) until the third trimester of pregnancy was significantly higher than those without and with ATDs during the first or second trimester (P < 0.01). The incidence of abnormal thyroid function significantly increased in premature neonates, neonates whose mothers with modest or heavy pregnant hypertension, or neonates whose core serum thyroid-stimulating hormone or serum anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies levels were abnormal. Conclusion The risk of abnormal thyroid function of infants whose hyperthyroid mothers did not take ATDs until the third trimester of pregnancy may be increased. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment of hyperthyroidism in pregnant women are essential for the prevention of neonatal thyroid functional abnormality.