肠道菌群与胆石症病因的研究进展

胆石症是最常见的胆道外科疾病，临床症状主要取决于结石的部位、胆道梗阻、胆道感染等因素，具体可表现为腹痛、发热、恶心、呕吐、黄疸等症状。随着人口的老龄化、膳食结构的改变，其发病率呈逐渐上升趋势。目前虽然诊断及治疗技术已相对成熟，但胆道结石形成的具体病因及发病机制尚未完全阐明。代谢综合征相关疾病可能与胆石症的形成与发展存在密切关系。肠道菌群失调可能会引起代谢变化，导致代谢相关疾病的发生发展，因此胆石症的发生与肠道微生态失衡存在密切的关系，但有关肠道微生态失衡与胆石症发生的关系研究相对较少，其作用机制也不甚清楚。笔者综述肠道菌群在胆石症形成的发病机制中的作用，探讨未来的研究方向。

Research progress of intestinal flora in etiology of cholelithiasis

Cholelithiasis is the most common biliary surgical disease. The clinical symptoms mainly depend on the location of the stones, biliary obstruction, biliary tract infection and other factors, and can be manifested as abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, jaundice and other features. With the aging of population and the change in dietary pattern, the incidence of this disorder is gradually increasing. Although the diagnosis and treatment technology has been relatively mature, the specific cause and pathogenesis of the formation of biliary stones have not been fully elucidated. Metabolic syndrome related diseases may be closely associated with the formation and development of cholelithiasis. Intestinal dysbacteriosis can induce metabolic changes, and lead to the development of metabolism related diseases. Therefore, cholelithiasis has a close relationship with intestinal microecological imbalance, but the studies on the relationship between intestinal microecological imbalance and occurrence of cholelithiasis are relatively limited, and the action mechanism is still unclear. Here, the authors review the role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of cholelithiasis, and discuss the future research directions.