新冠病毒奥密克戎变异株的特点与防控措施

 自2021年11月新型冠状病毒奥密克戎变异株出现以来，几个月内迅速席卷全球。世界各国都出现了以奥密克戎为主要流行毒株的新一轮疫情，我国香港、深圳、上海等城市也未能幸免。奥密克戎刺突蛋白含有大量突变，具有强大的免疫逃逸能力，对现有的疫苗和抗体相关治疗造成了巨大的威胁。虽然奥密克戎变异株引起的疾病症状较轻，但由于其超高的传播率，全球卫生系统均承受了巨大的压力。本文就奥密克戎变异株的病原学特征、变异来源、传播特征、流行现状及防治措施等方面进行综述，以期为科学防控提供参考。

Characteristics, prevention and control measures of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant

Since the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in November 2021, it has rapidly swept the world in a few months. Many countries in the world have witnessed a new round of epidemics with Omicron as the main epidemic strain, and some cities in China, such as Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Shanghai, have not been spared. Omicron spike protein contains a large number of mutations and has strong immune escape ability, which poses a great threat to the existing vaccines and antibody-related therapy. Although disease symptoms caused by Omicron variant are mild, the global health system is under great pressure due to its high transmission rate. In this paper, the pathogenic characteristics, variation sources, transmission characteristics, epidemic status and control measures of Omicron variant are reviewed, so as to provide reference for scientific control.