肾移植术后早期发生急性呼吸衰竭的原因及机械通气的应用价值

目的分析肾移植术后早期发生急性呼吸衰竭的原因,探讨机械通气在抢救中的价值。方法对16例肾移植术后1个月内发生急性呼吸衰竭的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果发生呼吸衰竭的主要原因为心力衰竭所致的肺水肿和严重的肺部感染;按是否发生心力衰竭,将患者分为心力衰竭组和非心力衰竭组,发现心力衰竭组患者年龄大、术前血压高、接受血液透析的时间长、呼吸衰竭发生早,但需要机械通气治疗的时间短于非心力衰竭组;机械通气能迅速提高血氧分压,纠正缺氧,维持血氧分压在理想的水平。结论肾移植患者术后早期发生呼吸衰竭的主要原因是心力衰竭所致的急性肺水肿和严重的肺部感染;机械通气在治疗中有着重要的价值,为原发病的治疗赢得时间,从而改善患者的预后。

The pathogeny analysis of acute respiration failure after kidney transplantation on early period and the evaluation of mechanical ventilation

Objective To analyze the pathogeny of acute respiration failure after kidney transplantation on early period and discuss the clinical value of mechanical ventilation.Methods A total of 16 cases of acute respiration failure after kidney transplantation on early period were studied retrospectively.Results The main causes were acute pulmonary edema caused by heart failure and serious pneumonia; patients were divided into two groups according to pathogeny: heart failure group (n=8) and non-heart failure group (n=8). It was found that the patients in heart failure group were older, preoperative blood pressure higher, dialysis duration longer, acute respiratory failure occurred earlier and mechanical ventilation time shorter than in non-heart failure group. The mechanical ventilation could raise oxygen pressure in artery blood and correct hypoxemia quickly. The mechanical ventilation could keep oxygen pressure in artery blood on the ideal level.Conclusion The pathogeny of acute respiration failure after kidney transplantation on early period included acute pulmonary edema caused by heart function failure and serious pneumonia; the mechanical ventilation was important to treat patient with acute respiration failure after kidney transplantation on early period because it could ensure oxygen pressure in artery blood in order to win time to cure heart failure and serious pneumonia. Also, the mechanical ventilation could improve prognosis of the patients.