Analysis of the biocompatibility of ALCAP ceramics in rat femurs

Ceramics composed of aluminum, calcium, and phosphorus oxides (ALCAP) were tested for compatibility as bone replacement biomaterials. Implantation of ALCAP ceramics in rat femurs had no deleterious effect on body weights, organ/body weight ratios, muscle, bone, blood, and kidney function. Aluminum resorbed from ALCAP ceramic bone implants was excreted in the urine and was not deposited in adjacent muscle. Plasma levels of aluminum were not elevated in rats implanted with ALCAP ceramics. Alkaline phosphatase activity of excised implant sites indicated greater bone formation in ALCAP ceramic implants than in bone autografts. Radiographs and implant histology demonstrated excellent bone association with implants and ingrowth of new bone into ALCAP ceramic implants. ALCAP ceramics are biocompatible and suitable for reconstruction of bone.