成人急性淋巴细胞白血病缓解后化疗和自体造血干细胞移植疗效的比较

目的比较联合化疗和自体造血干细胞移植（ASCT）在成人急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）缓解后治疗的疗效．方法对我院移植中心1990年7月至2003年12月首次诱导缓解、早期连续强化巩固治疗4个疗程后接受ASCT或联合化疗的74例成人ALL患者的疗效进行回顾性分析。联合化疗患者40例，ASCT患者34例，中位随访时间20．5个月，比较两组患者累积无白血病生存（LFS）率、总生存（OS）率及累积复发率：结果①化疗组患者中位LFS和OS期分别是14．0和20．6个月，而ASCT组中位LFS和OS期均大于53．5个月；②化疗组患者28例（70％）复发，而ASCT组患者移植后11例（32．35％）复发；③ASCT组患者1年LFS、OS率及复发率与化疗组患者相比差异无统计学意义（P值均〉0．05），而3年及5年预期LFS和OS率明显高于化疗组（P值均〈0．05），ASCT组患者的3年及5年复发率显著低于化疗组（P〈0．05）；④ASCT前移植物体外净化和移植后维持治疗（处理组）患者3年以上LFS和OS率高于未处理组患者（P〈0．05），累积复发率低于未处理组患者（P〈0．05）。结论ASCT可以有效降低成人ALL患者在早期连续强化巩固治疗后的远期复发率；ASCT前体外净化和移植后维持治疗可降低复发率，提高长期生存率。

Comparison of the effectiveness of chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as postremission treatment for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of chemotherapy (CT) and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) as post-remission treatment for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (AL) patients. METHODS: Seventy-four ALL patients achieved first complete remission (CR(1)) with induction therapy, and then received early-stage sequential intensive consolidation chemotherapy. After that, 40 patients received chemotherapy (CT group) and 34 received ASCT (ASCT group) as post-remission treatment. The median follow-up was 20.5 months. The rates of leukemia free survival (LFS), overall survival (OS) and relapse were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: (1) The median LFS and OS were 14.0 and 20.6 months respectively for CT group and both were more than 53.5 months for ASCT groups. (2) Relapse occurred in 28 patients (70%) in CT group in a median time of 8.5 months (range, 1-72 months) and 20 of them (71.43%) relapsed within 1 year. Eleven patients (32.35%) relapsed in ASCT group, in a median time of 6 (2-30) months after transplantation. (3) There was no statistic difference in LFS, OS and relapse rate at 1 year between CT and ASCT groups (P > 0.05), whereas both LFS and OS at 3 and 5 years for ASCT group were significantly better than those for CT group (P < 0.05). Relapse rate for ASCT group was lower than that for CT group. (4) Higher LFS and OS and lower relapse rate were found for those who received monoclonal antibody purged autografts followed by immunotherapy and (or) maintenance therapy after ASCT (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Early sequential intensive consolidation chemotherapy followed by auto-HSCT could significantly reduce late relapse rate for adult ALL patients, and those received ex vivo purged autografts and immunotherapy and (or) maintenance therapy after ASCT have lower late relapse rate and superior survival.