广州市7~14岁学龄儿童营养状况与贫血相关性分析

目的分析广州市学龄儿童的营养状况和贫血状况及两者之间的关系,为进一步探究中国城市儿童超重/肥胖与缺铁性贫血的关系提供初步的参考依据。方法随机整群抽取参加2013~2014年广州市学生体质健康检查的7~14岁学龄儿童,检测身高、体重和血红蛋白指标,依据身高体重指数(BMI)把学龄儿童的营养状况划分为消瘦、超重、体重正常和肥胖等四组。分析学龄儿童不同营养状况下的血红蛋白及贫血的分布规律,探讨消瘦、超重和肥胖等的营养状况与血红蛋白和贫血的关系。结果广州市区的3 187名7~14岁学龄儿童参与了本次调查,其消瘦、超重和肥胖率分别为6.3%、10.8%和8.0%。其中,男生超重和肥胖率明显高于女生(P值均0.01)。学龄儿童贫血率为2.2%,其中男生贫血率为2.3%,女生贫血率为2.2%,贫血率男女之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。学龄儿童的年龄与血红蛋白浓度均呈正相关关系(P0.01),并且消瘦者发生贫血的危险性较正常体重大(OR=1.23,95%CI:1.05~1.41,P0.05)。按性别分组后,男生BMI与血红蛋白浓度呈负相关关系(P0.01);与正常体重组比较,消瘦男生更易于发生贫血(OR=1.30,95%CI:1.07~1.53,P0.01)。女生中不同营养状况与贫血则未见明显相关。结论广州市7~14岁学龄儿童中消瘦男生发生贫血的危险性较大,但超重、肥胖与贫血之间未见明显相关性;而女生营养状况与贫血之间未见明显相关。

Relationship between nutritional status and anemia among children aged 7-14 years in Guangzhou city

Objective To explore the relationship between nutritional Status and anemia among school-aged children of7- 14 years in Guangzhou, and to provide reference for the further study of overweight/obesity and iron deficiency anemiaamong Chinese urban children. Method School-aged children participating in the physical examination during 2003-2014in Guangzhou city were selected by random sampling and their body height, weight and hemoglobin were measured Accordingto the value of body mass index （BMI）, nutritional status of the participants , the children were divided into four groups（thin,nomal,overweight and obesity）,then the distribution of hemoglobin and anemia prevalence in different nutritional status wereanalyzed, and the relationship between them were explored Results The total incidence rates of thinness, overweight, andobesity among the 3 187 children enrolled in this study were 6.3%,10.8% and 8.0%, respectively. Compared with girls, theprevalence of overweight and obesity were significantly higher in boys （P〈0.01）. The total prevalence of anemia in thesechildren was 2.2%, being 2.3% for boys and 2.2% for girls, without significant difference between genders （/9〉0.05）. The levelof hemoglobin was positively associated with age in these children （P〈0.01） and thin children had higher risk of being anemicthan that of normal weight （OR=1.23, 95% CI： 1.05- 1.41, P〈0.05）. As for boy subjects, the BMI presented a negativelycorrelation with hemoglobin （P〈0.01）,and the prevalence of anemia was significantly （P〈0.01） higher in the thin boys, comparedwith normal-weight subjects （OR=1.30, 95% C1： 1.07-1.53, P〈0.01）. No correlation between nutritional status and anemia wasobserved in girls. Conclusion Among children aged 7-14 years in Guangzhou, thin boys had higher risk of anemia, however,the association between anemia and overweight or obesity was not observed. Additionally, there was no relationship betweennutritional status and anemia in girls in this study.