| 摘 要： | Vicari et al. present the results of using rifaximn, a nonabsorbable antibiotic, and the probiotic VSL#3 in infertile men with bacteria in the semen and leukocytes in the expressed prostatic secretions （EPS） who were initially cured by antibiotics. Use of this combination reduces the recurrence rate of the infection as well as sonographic evidence of spread to other parts of the reproductive tract. The theoretical basis for simultaneous treatment of the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tract has become more compelling given the evidence of overlapping innervation of the colon and bladder, and influence of inflammation in one organ on the other. These results are very promising and intriguing, but it is very important to keep clear the outcome measures in this study. The outcome parameters were related to the effects on sperm cultures, leukocytes in the EPS and ultrasonographic findings in the seminal vesicles and epididymis. A tender prostate was also considered a positive sign. Symptoms of ＂prostatitis＂ as with the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index were not assessed.
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