肺孢子菌肺炎诊断研究进展

肺孢子菌肺炎(Pneumocystis pneumonia,PCP)是由耶氏肺孢子菌(Pneumocystis jirovecii,Pj)引起的肺部机会性感染,呼吸道标本染色显微镜检查和多聚酶链反应(Polymerase chain reaction,PCR)是诊断Pj感染的重要手段,但是染色镜检方法低估了Pj感染,而常规PCR方法无法区分定植和现症感染,外周血检测(1,3)-b-D-糖苷(1,3-b-D-glu-can)和抗Pj特异性Ig G和Ig M抗体的动态变化,能辅助诊断PCP。定量PCR需要进一步标准化并确定诊断PCP的阈值。Pj的培养已经成功报道,大大推动了PCP的研究。

Research pregress in diagnosis of pneumocystis pneumonia

Pneumocystis jirovecii（Pj） is an important opportunistic pathogen leading to Pneumocystis pneumonia（PCP） inimmunocompromised patients. The staining methods and polymerase chain reaction （PCR） using respiratory tract samples areimportant techniques for diagnosis of PCP. But staining method would under-estimate the infection of Pj and PCR method cannot differentiate Pj colonization and aetive infeetion. Tests of 1,3-b-D-gluean（BG） and ehanges of anti-Pj IgG, and IgMantibodies using peripheral blood should be good supplementary indicators in distinguishing Pj colonization and PCP. Theusage of reaitime PCR needs further standardization and confirmations of its threshold values in diagnosis of PCP. The eultureof Pj has been successfully documented whieh would certainly promote the studies of PCP.