儿童卡氏肺囊虫肺炎的胸部CT表现

目的 探讨儿童卡氏肺囊虫肺炎的CT表现.方法 选取经痰或肺泡灌洗液查找肺孢子虫阳性,且临床和CT资料完整的患儿8例,其中男5例,女3例,中位年龄5岁.分别对CT图像中所表现出的气腔实变、磨玻璃密度影、小叶间隔增厚、支气管壁增厚、过度充气、胸膜渗出、肺大疱、结节影及网格影等征象进行观察统计.结果 8例(8/8,100％)患儿均出现气腔实变,6例(6/8,75.00％)实变累及肺段以下水平,且多位于上叶尖后段及下叶后基底段；6例(6/8,75.00％)出现磨玻璃密度影,且均累及整个肺叶,以下肺叶受累最为常见；3例(3/8,37.50％)出现小叶间隔增厚；2例(2/8,25.00％)出现支气管壁增厚；2例(2/8,25.00％)出现肺过度充气；1例(1/8,12.50％)出现少量胸腔积液；所有病例均未见肺大疱、结节影或网格影征象.结论 CT在诊断儿童卡氏肺囊虫肺炎方面具有重要价值.

Chest CT findings of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children

Objective To observe CT manifestations in children with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Methods CT images in 8 patients (5 male, 3 female, median age 5 years) proved by the presence of pneumocystis organisms in induced sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were analyzed, including counting the rate of airspace consolidation, ground glass opacity, interlobular septal thickening, thickening of bronchial wall, hyperinflation, pleural effusion, bullae, nodule and reticulation. Results Airspace consolidation was found in all 8 cases (8/8, 100%) which presented more frequently (6/8,75.00%) in sub-segment in apicoposterior segment of upper lobe and in posterior basal segment of lower lobe. Ground glass opacity was observed in 6 patients (6/8, 75.00%) which more frequently affected entire lower lobe. Interlobular septal thickening was detected in 3 cases (3/8, 37.50%). Thickening of bronchial wall and hyperinflation was found in 2 cases (2/8, 25.00%) respectively. A few pleural effusion was found in 1 case (1/8, 12.50%). None of bullae, nodule nor reticulation was found in all patients. Conclusion CT is important in diagnosing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children.