矽肺病人肺功能损害的回顾性研究

目的探讨矽肺病人各期肺功能损害程度与性质,并找出相关的危险因素。方法本文随机选取在阜新市矿业集团工作矿工353名,其中矽肺患者183名、无矽肺的矿工170名。对所有研究对象进行问卷调查,测定指标包括:MVV、FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC,FVC、FEV1、MVV用实测值/预计值×100%表示,FEV1/FVC用实测值表示。参考各指标结果对肺功能障碍进行分型并进行方差分析,对相关的危险因素进行非条件性Logistic回归分析。结果①各期矽肺患者肺功能损害差异有显著性,早期以FEV1、FVC的降低为主,随着期别增加,肺功能损害越发严重,两者呈正相关。②与肺功能障碍有关的危险因素有吸烟、接尘的时间和浓度、患有矽肺相关并发症等。③矽肺病人肺功能障碍早期以阻塞型和混合型通气障碍为主,限制型通气障碍随级别增高而增加。结论长期接触高浓度的生产性粉尘对肺功能的损害作用明显,而且损害的程度随着病期的进展而加重,长期吸烟、患有呼吸系统疾病等因素会加重这种损害,因此肺功能的检查对矽肺全面诊断、病情演变的动态观察及劳动能力鉴定等有着重要的参考价值。

Retrospective Study on Impairment of Pulmonary Function of Patients with Pneumosilicosis

Objective To explore the damaging lung functions in silicosis and find out the related and dangerous factors. Methods The lung functions tests were done in 183 male silicosis and 170 male workers without silicosis as the control group who were selected randomly in FuXin Mineral combining. The testing indices conclude MVV, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC. To analysis the dangerous factors in Log Linear regressive formula. Results 1 The lung functions indices were obviously lower in silicosis patients than control group. The pulmonary functions damage levels were positively related to the silicosis stages. 2 Silicosis, smoking, dust concentration, contacting dust period and pulmonary complications were dangerous factors in lung dysfunction. 3 The damaging types were mostly obstructive and mixed in earlier silicosis and limited pulmonary dysfunctions increased with silicosis stages development later. Conclusion Contacting high-concentration dust in a long period of time, severely smoking, complicated lung diseases distinctly damage the lung functions. Lung functions tests have important referent value in diagnosing silicosis, realizing the dynamic diseases variety, working ability identification, et al.