Vitamin A Decreases Cytotoxicity of Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein in Patients with Atherosclerosis |
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Authors: | Mohammad Jafar Mahmoudi Ali-Akbar Saboor-Yaraghi Fateme Zabetian-Targhi Fereydoon Siassi Amir Hassan Zarnani Mohammad Reza Eshraghian |
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Affiliation: | 1. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Cellular Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;4. Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran;5. Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;6. Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran |
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Abstract: | Background: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is implicated in initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Previously, we found that ox-LDL increases vulnerability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in atherosclerotic patients compared to controls. Vitamin A induces proliferation of PBMCs. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of vitamin A supplementation on PBMC survival against LDL and different doses of ox-LDL. Method: In this double-blind placebo-controlled trial, we recruited 35 atherosclerotic patients and 38 healthy controls and randomly allocated them into placebo and vitamin A groups, which received either placebo or 25,000 IU/day of vitamin A for 3 months. PBMCs were isolated, cultured, and stimulated by 1 µg/mL LDL as well as 1 µg/mL and 50 µg/mL ox-LDL. The stimulation indexes (SIs) of PBMCs were calculated to identify cell viability. Additionally, the circulating ox-LDL levels were measured by ELISA. Results: Viability of PBMCs stimulated by 50 µg/mL ox-LDL significantly increased following vitamin A supplementation in patients (p < 0.01). The levels of circulating ox-LDL were not changed by vitamin A treatment. Ox-LDL levels were strongly and positively correlated to SI of PBMCs stimulated by 1 µg/mL LDL and1 µg/mL ox-LDL in all groups. Conclusion: Vitamin A decreases cytotoxicity of high-dose ox-LDL and improves PBMC viability. The protective effect of vitamin A is not mediated by an antioxidative mechanism, but may instead have been due to intracellular protection of the apoptotic machinery or induction of proliferation of the cells. Higher levels of ox-LDL increase PBMC irritability in all participants. |
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Keywords: | Atherosclerosis cell viability cytotoxicity oxidized LDL peripheral blood mononuclear cells vitamin A |
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