Gustatory and olfactory function in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression |
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Authors: | Lukasz Swiecicki Pawel Zatorski Dorota Bzinkowska Halina Sienkiewicz-Jarosz Janusz Szyndler Anna Scinska |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychiatry II, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland;2. Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland;3. Department of Neurology I, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland;4. Consultant–Otolaryngologists Unit, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland;5. Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland;6. Department of Otolaryngology, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland |
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Abstract: | Although the crucial distinction between unipolar depressive disorder and bipolar disorder is the presence of mania (or hypomania) in the course of the latter, significant differences between unipolar and bipolar depression have also been found in clinical studies. The primary aim of the present investigation was to assess pleasantness/unpleasantness ratings of chemosensory stimuli in depressed patients, including subjects with unipolar and bipolar depression. Sensory aspects (thresholds and identification abilities) of gustatory and olfactory function were also assessed. There were no major differences between a depression group, as a whole, and healthy controls in terms of gustatory and olfactory thresholds and identification abilities. Similarly, pleasantness ratings of various gustatory and olfactory stimuli did not differ between the control and depression group. Gustatory and olfactory thresholds and identification abilities did not differ between individuals with unipolar and bipolar depression. Bipolar patients tended to rate less gustatory stimuli as unpleasant and more olfactory stimuli as pleasant compared to unipolar patients. The present results suggest that: i) depression is not associated with any major deficit in sensory aspects of gustatory and olfactory function or altered hedonic ratings of chemosensory stimuli; ii) hedonic responses to chemosensory stimuli tend to be increased in bipolar as compared to unipolar depressed patients. |
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Keywords: | ANOVA, analysis of variance AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test BDI, Beck Depression Inventory BMI, Body Mass Index BP, bipolar CIDI, Composite International Diagnostic Interview FE, first episode HAM-D, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination RDD, recurrent depressive disorder |
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