Prooxidant action of knipholone anthrone: Copper dependent reactive oxygen species generation and DNA damage |
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Authors: | S Habtemariam E Dagne |
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Institution: | 1. Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories, Medway School of Science, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK;2. African Laboratory for Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 30270, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |
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Abstract: | Knipholone (KP) and knipholone anthrone (KA) are natural 4-phenylanthraquinone structural analogues with established differential biological activities including in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. By using DNA damage as an experimental model, the comparative Cu(II)-dependent prooxidant action of these two compounds were studied. In the presence of Cu(II) ions, the antioxidant KA (3.1–200 μM) but not KP (6–384 μM) caused a concentration-dependent pBR322 plasmid DNA strand scission. The DNA damage induced by KA could be abolished by reactive oxygen species scavengers, glutathione and catalase as well as EDTA and a specific Cu(I) chelator bathocuproine disulfonic acid. In addition to Cu(II) chelating activity, KA readily reduces Cu(II) to Cu(I). Copper-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species and the subsequent macromolecular damage may be involved in the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of KA. |
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