我院引种栽培“南药”及其部分品种的药材质量评价

“南药”是中药的重要组成部分,过去大部分依靠从东南亚、非洲等国家进口,为了保证中医用药的需要,减少依赖进口,我院根据中央六部指定发展的南药品种,进行了引种和北移试验研究,共引种有丁香等25个品种。根据生物学特性观察资料,按其在广州地区的适应低温能力分为耐寒、较耐寒和耐寒力较弱三类型,这为扩大引种试种范围,安排生产布局提供了科学依据。在引种和北移过程中,通过试验,掌握了不同品种的特性,使槟榔、瓜哇白豆蔻首次在广州开花结果。为了能迅速和大量提供优良品种的苗木,采用了先进的生物技术,成功地培育出巴戟天试管苗,为“南药,的优良品种选育开辟了新的途经。在总结各品种栽培经验的基础上,编著了《热带药用植物栽培》一书,为发展“南药”提供了参考资料。引种“南药”能开花结果,繁衍后代,从生物学的观点来看,视为引种成功是无可非议的,但作为防病治病的药材,还需看其药用部分是否符合中医药用的质量要求,为此我们对槟榔、爪哇白豆蔻、益智、巴戴天分别进行了有机成分、微量元素的比较测定,对其药材质量作了初步的评价。

Introduction and Cultivation of"South Medicinal Herbs" and Quality Evaluation of 25 Species

"South medicinal herb (SMH)" is part and parcel of Chinese materia medica. But many of the SMH originate in South-east Asia and Africa. In recent years, 25 species of medicinal herbs were introduced and transplanted to the higher latitudes in Guangdong province by the authors. The result shows that among the 25 species of SMH, some are resistant, some are less resistant and some are poorly resistant to the cold temperature in Guangdong region. The data are beneficial to transplantation and production of SMH in different areas of Guangdong province. After experimental transplantation, Areca Catechu and Amomi Rotundus blossomed in Guangdong region. The authors also successfully applied advanced biological techniques to culture the tube-seedling of Morinda Officinalis. In addition, determination of organic chemical components and trace elements in Areca Catechu, Amomi Rotundus, Alpinia Oxyphylla and Morinda Officinalis were performed, and quality evaluation of the 25 species of SMH for medical use was also presented in this article.