北京市某社区老年高血压人群抑郁和焦虑状况的研究

目的了解社区老年高血压患者的抑郁和焦虑状况。方法采用自行设计的一般情况问卷、Zung抑郁自评量表（SDS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）和社会支持评定量表（SSRS）对北京市某社区高血压老年患者270例进行调查，并与250例非高血压患者进行比较。结果高血压组抑郁和焦虑自评量表的总分高于对照组（t=-2．55，P〈0．01），高血压组的抑郁和焦虑检出率分别为18．1％，12．5％，均高于对照组（P〈0．01），多因素分析显示抑郁和焦虑可能是高血压的危险因素，焦虑、抑郁情绪与社会支持呈负相关（P〈0．01）。结论高血压与抑郁和焦虑可能存在一定的关联，关注患者的抑郁和焦虑状况，提供良好的社会支持，采取相应的护理对策，有助于高血压的预防和治疗。

Study on depression and anxiety conditions of the elderly hypertensive patients in a community in Beijing

Objective To discuss the depression and anxiety conditions of elderly hypertensive patients in a community in Beijing, and provide basis for well social supports and responsive nursing. Methods Test the 520 elderly hypertensive patients (270 in hypertension group and 250 in control group) by self-designed questionnaire, self-rating depression scale (SDS) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS). The data was compare between the two groups. Results Depression and anxiety rate in hypertensive group were 18.1% and 12.5%,and were higher than control group (P＜0. 01); the score and standard score of the SDS and SAS in group of hypertensive patients were significantly higher than in healthy control group(28.56±9.21)vs (20.42 ± 6.67)and t = 1.92 for SAS, P＜0.01 for both SAS and SDS]; the social suppot score in hypertension group was in the range of 24 - 42, and average score was (30.45 ± 6. 32), and (35.57 ± 4.75) in control group, the difference was significant (t = - 2. 55, P ＜ 0. 01); multiple factor analysis showed that depression and anxiety may be a risk factor of hypertension; anxiety and depression were negatively correlated with social support (r = - 0. 112, and - 0. 135, respectively, P ＜ 0. 01). Conclusions Hypertension was related to depression and anxiety. Concerning about the condition of patients with depression and anxiety, providing a good social support and taking the appropriate care measures can help prevent and treat hypertension.