失语症患者听觉语义启动效应的研究

目的 探讨汉语不同强度联想词汇在听觉刺激条件下失语症患者语义启动效应的特征.方法 采用联想词汇库中高、中、低及无联想强度的刺激-联想词汇对作为语义启动的材料,通过检测反应时间和错误率.观察失语症患者(n=11)和正常对照组(n=16)在听觉呈现条件下的语义启动效应.结果 2组人群反应时间在高、中、低联想强度词汇对较无联想强度词汇对明显缩短,依次为:失语症组(1270.20±47.70)ms.(1340.50±266.25)ms,(1429.70±317.07)ms,(1549.00±325.87)ms,P＜0.05];对照组(1140.2±274.48)nls,(1196.50±284.06)ms,(1262.10±274.31)ms,(1391.20±315.68)ms,P＜0.05].失语症患者与正常对照组的反应时间相比,在高、中、无联想强度词汇中无差异;但在低联想强度词汇中,失语症患者反应时间比正常对照组长(1429.70±317.07)ms,(1262.10±274.31)ms,P＜0.05].2组人群的高、中、低联想强度词汇的错误率比无联想强度词汇的错误率低,依次为失语症组(7.73±6.07),(4.55±7.23),(6.82±8.15),(14.09±12.41),P＜0.05]对照组(3.44±4.37),(2.81±3.64),(5.31±5.91).(10.94±11.14),P＜0,05];在高联想强度下,失语症患者错误率高于对照组(7.73±6.07),(3.44±4.37),P＜0.05],在中、低、无联想强度下失语症患者与对照组之间差异无显著性.结论 失语症患者遵循正常受试者词汇联想强度梯度,并在高、中联想强度词汇中表现显著听觉语义启动效应.

Study on auditory semantic priming effects in patients with aphasia

Objective To explore the characteristics of semantic priming effects in Chinese words with different association strength in patients with aphasia by auditory stimulation.Method Stimulus-response word pairs with different association strength including strong,moderate,weak,and no association categories were chosen from word association thesaurus as experiment materials.Both patients with aphasia(n=11)and normal subjects (n=16)were requested to finish an auditory lexical decision task for target words.Semantic priming effects were investigated by means of measuring reaction time(RT)and error rate of each word-pair.Results In patients with aphasia and normal subjects,the mean RTs were significantly shorter in strong,moderate and weak association strength words than in no association strength words(patients with aphasia(1270.20±47.70)ms,(1340.50±266.25)ms,(1429.70±317.07)ms vs(1549.00±325.87)ms,P＜0.05 and normal subjects(1140.2±274.48)ms,(1196.50±284.06)ms,(1262.10±274.31)ms vs(1391.20±315.68)ms,P＜0.05).In strong,moderate,and no association strength words,the mean RTs were no significant differences between two groups.In the weak association strength words,mean RTs were significantly longer in patients with aphasia than in normal subjects((1429.70±317.07)ms vs(1262.10±274.31)ms,P＜0.05).In two groups,mean error rates were significantly less in strong,moderate and weak association strength words than in no association strength words(patients with aphasia:7.73±6.07,4.55±7.23,6.82±8.15 vs 14.09±12.41,P＜0.05 and normal subjects:3.44±4.37,2.81±3.64,5.31±5.91 vs 10.94±11.14,P＜0.05).However,in strong association strength words,mean error rates were significantly higher in patients with aphasia than in normal subjects(7.73±6.07 vs 3.44±4.37,P＜0.05).In moderate,weak and no association strength words,there were no significant differences between two groups.Conclusion The patients with aphasia follow gradient of the association strength words like normal subjects and have semantic priming effects in the strong,moderate association strength words.