高粱种子搭载返回式卫星的诱变研究

目的 利用卫星搭载高梁种子，返地后，将其播种、栽培，观察与调查其后代的变异及遗传情况，以期选育出优良的突变体，定向培育成新品种供生产应用。方法 1996年，利用我国发射的返回式科学实验卫星塔载高梁恢复系唐恢28干种子，飞行15d回收后田间种植，对其主要农艺性状表现进行调查研究。结果 在SP1代发现植株矮化、穗粒重显著增加等少数性状变异。SP2代群体发生广谱分离。所观察的8个主要性状除抗病性无明显分离，壳色变异极小外，其它性状变异显著。并从中获得了穗长比对照最大穗还长4cm,穗粒重比对照最大穗还重58．5g特大穗变异株系。结论 SP2代大穗型株系性状相对稳定，在穗长穗粒重上表现出有选育价值的稳定变异。故认为高梁干种子在空间条件下所产生的变异是可以稳定地遗传给后代，航天育种可以作为一种新的诱变育种方法。

Study on Induced Mutation of Sorghum Seeds on Recoverable Satellites

Objective To observe and investigate the variation and heredity of the offspring of dry seeds of sorghum carried by satellite hence to select excellent mutants and to cultivate directivity new varieties for production application. Method Dry seeds of Tanghui 28,a sorghum restorer line, were carried to the space on board a recoverable satellite for 15 d. After recovery the seeds were planted in the field to study the growth dynamics and change of agricultural characters. Result Variations of characters such as dwarfing of stalk,significant increase grain weight per spike etc were observed in SP1 generation. Wide separation occurred in SP2 generation. Regardless that only non significant separation of disease resistance and a very little variation of glum color were observed, the other characters varied significantly, and a super large panicle type varied line was obtained. Its spike length was 4 cm longer, and grain weight per spike was 58.5 g more than the control. Conclusion It may be considered that the variation of sorghum seeds induced by the space conditions was heritable to the offsprings.Therefore, exposure to the space environment could be used as a method for mutagenic seeds breeding.