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Lifestyle and testicular dysfunction: A brief update |
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| Authors: | Ashok Agarwal Nisarg R. Desai Riccardo Ruffoli Angelo Carpi |
| Affiliation: | 1. Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute and Obst/Gyne and Women''s Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA;2. Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, University of Pisa, Italy;3. Department of Reproduction and Ageing, University of Pisa, Italy |
| Abstract: | The incidence of testicular cancer, cryptorchidism and defective spermatogenesis is increasing probably due to environmental and lifestyle-related factors. The aim of this review is to briefly describe and comment on the principal lifestyle factors. The recent findings that the electromagnetic waves following the use of the cell phone and the prolonged exposure to the noise stress cause relevant testicular dysfunction in man or animals reinforce the hypothesis of the importance of lifestyle-related factors. |
| Keywords: | Lifestyle Testicle Spermatogenesis |
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