186例药疹致病药物及临床类型分析

目的:分析我院近6年药疹患者的致病药物及临床表现类型.方法:收集我院1997年1月～2002年12月间的药疹住院患者,对其致病药物及药疹类型进行分析.结果:共收集药疹病例186例,其中最常见的致病药物有抗生素类(57.5%)、解热镇痛类(18.8%)和中药类(5.9%).最常见的药疹类型为麻疹及猩红热样发疹型(63.4%)、荨麻疹型(14%)和多形性红斑型(8%).引起麻疹样及猩红热样药疹的主要致病药物为青霉素类(33.9%)、头孢菌素类(20.3%)和解热镇痛类(14.4%);引起荨麻疹型的主要为血清制品(23%)和青霉素类(19.2%);引起多形性红斑型的主要为解热镇痛类(33.3%)和青霉素类(20%).抗癫痫药、抗痛风药和解热镇痛药是重症药疹如重症多形性红斑、剥脱性皮炎和大疱性表皮松解症的主要致病药物.结论:本研究中引起药疹的致病药物主要为抗生素类和解热镇痛类药物.中药引起的药疹有增加的趋势,应引起足够重视.

Clinical analysis of 186 inpatients with drug eruption

Objective:To study the causative agents and the types of drug eruption of inpatients in our hospital for a period of six years.Methods:The drug eruption inpatients were collected in our hospital from 1997 to 2002 and the causative agents and clinical patterns were analyzed.Results:186 patients were enrolled in this study. The drugs most often responsible for the drug eruption were antimicrobials (57.5%), analgesics (18.8%)and Chinese medicine(5.9%). The most common clinical types were morbiliform-scarlatiniform(63.4%),urticaria (14%) and erythema multiforme type (8%). The main causative agents of morbiliform-sarlatiniform type were penicilins (33.9%) and cepholosporins(20.3%). Urticaria was caused mainly by serum products (23%) and penicillins(19.2%). The most common causative agents for erythema multiforme type were analgesics (33.3%) and penicillins (20%). Antiepilepsy, antigout and analgesic agents were the main causative drugs of life-threatening toxic epidermal necrolysis and Steven-Johnson syndrome.Conclusion:The most common causative agents in this study were antimicrobials and analgesics. The increasing of drug eruption caused by Chinese medicine should be paid more attention.