组织工程化皮肤重建皮肤功能的研究进展

随着组织工程学的兴起和发展,组织工程化皮肤的研究有可能成为解决这一难题的有效途径。自从Rheinwald和Green成功建立表皮细胞培养方法以来,表皮培养的技术方法有了很大改进;胶原海绵、无细胞异体或异种真皮基质等真皮替代物的研究使复合皮的建立成为可能;干细胞的研究、基因转染在皮肤组织工程学中的应用将使组织工程化皮肤的研究更加成熟;组织工程化皮肤的生产和应用,使其成为第一个商品化的、也时目前成功应用的组织工程化产品,并且可能成为皮肤缺损后愈合时间短、愈合后效果好、瘢痕轻的创面愈合方法,以达到皮肤结构和功能的恢复。

Progress in study of tissue-engineered skin on reconstruction of skin function

The skin is considered as the largest organ of human body. The delicate and co mplicated structure and multiple function of the skin make it play an important role in secretion, sense, metabolism, protection and so on. If the skin is injur ed or defect, the stability of internal environment of the body will be impacted and severe complications, such as infection, disorder of fluid and electrolytes , immunologic impairment, as well as multiple organ failure, will occur. Therefo re, it is essential to explore effective method for extensive wound healing with less healing time and slighter scars, which make the structure and function of the skin reconstruct. With the rise and development of tissue engineering, the s tudy on tissue-engineered skin may be an approach to solve this problem. Since Rheinwald and Green established the culture method of the keratinocytes, the gre at improvement of skin culture has been made. The study and application of the d ermal equivalent, such as collagen membrane, acellular allodermis or xenodermis, made the establishment of composite skin successful.With the exploration of the stem cells and use of gene transfection, the tissue-engineered skin will becom e more and more mature.Now the tissue-engineered skin is so successful that it is considered as a first and the most satisfactory tissue-engineered merchandis e in clinical use.In this article, the advances of tissue-engineered skin have been reviewed in culture of keratinocytes, dermal equivalent, composite skin, st em cells and gene transfection.