细菌纤维素在组织工程中的应用

背景：细菌纤维素是纳米级纤维，具有许多独特的理化和机械性能及良好的生物相容性和可降解性等特性，目前已成为国际上新型组织工程材料的研究热点。 目的：分析细菌纤维素在组织工程中的应用。 方法：检索2004至2013年PubMed数据库和中国知网数据库中相关文献，英文检索词为＂bacterial cellulose; tissue engineering＂，中文检索词为＂细菌纤维素；组织工程＂。选取有关细菌纤维素在组织工程中应用方面密切相关文献48篇进行分析。 结果与结论：细菌纤维素具有高结晶度、高持水性、高机械强度、可降解性、良好的生物相容性和超细三维纳米网状纤维结构等独特特性，能作为生物活性分子的载体，维持生物活性分子的活性。同时，细菌纤维素通过改性修饰能提高其机械和生物特性，促进损伤组织的修复重建。目前已开始将细菌纤维素应用于组织器官重建中。细菌纤维素能作为生物活性分子的载体，但存在难以降解和功能单一等缺点，通过对细菌纤维素的改性修饰可以改善它的功能和促进降解。

Application of bacterial cellulose in tissue engineering

BACKGROUND： Because of unique physiochemical and mechanical properties and good biocompatibility and degradability, bacterial cellulose, a nanofiber, has a potential as an ideal tissue-engineered material.
OBJECTIVE： To retrospectively analyze the application of bacterial cellulose in tissue engineering.
METHODS： The first author researched PubMed and CNKI databases （2004/2013） to retrieve articles about application of bacterial cellulose in tissue engineering. The keywords were ＂bacterial cellulose; tissue engineering＂ in English and Chinese, respectively. Totally 48 relevant articles were analyzed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Bacterial cellulose has unique properties, such as, high crystallinity, high mechanical strength, high water holding capacity, biodegradation, biocompatibility and three-dimensional nano network. In addition, bacterial cellulose can maintain biological activity of bioactive factors as a carrier. At last, modified bacterial cellulose can improve its mechanical and biological properties, and promote the repair and reconstruction of the tissue and organ. Currently, bacterial cellulose has been used in tissue and organ reconstruction. Bacterial cellulose as a carrier for bioactive molecules is difficult to degrade and has disadvantages of single function, which can be modified to improve its function and degradation.