制备软骨组织工程支架的方法

背景：软骨组织工程支架作为软骨细胞外基质的替代物，其外形和孔结构对实现其作用和功能具有非常重要的意义。目的：回顾目前若干种常用软骨组织工程中三维多孔支架的制备方法。方法：由第一作者检索2000至2013年PubMed数据库，ELSEVIER SCIENCEDIRECT、万方数据库、中国知网数据库。英文检索词为＂Cartilage tissue engineering；scaffolds；fabrication＂，中文检索词为＂软骨组织工程；制备方法；支架材料；多孔支架＂。结果与结论：制备软骨组织工程支架的方法有相分离/冷冻干燥法、水凝胶技术、快速成型技术、静电纺丝法、溶剂浇铸/粒子沥滤法及气体发泡法等。目前研究发现，支架中孔径的大小对组织的重建有着直接的影响，孔径为100-250 μm的孔有益于骨及软骨组织的再生。通过溶液浇铸/粒子沥滤法、气体发泡法所制备的支架孔径大小在这一范围内，因此比较适合用于骨、软骨组织工程支架的构建。研究人员通常将多种方法结合起来，以期能制备出生物和力学性能方面更加仿生的组织工程多孔支架。

Fabrication technologies of tissue-engineered cartilage scaffolds

BACKGROUND： Cartilage tissue engineering scaffold is a substitution for extracellular matrix, and there is a great significance on the shape and pore structure of the scaffold.
OBJECTIVE： To retrospectively focus on the fabrication technology of three-dimensional porous cartilage tissue engineering scaffolds.
METHODS： The first author searched PubMed, ELSEVIER SCIENCEDIRECT, Wanfang and CNKI databases （2000/2013） to retrieve relevant articles about the fabrication technology tissue-engineered cartilage scaffolds. The key words were ＂cartilage tissue engineering; scaffolds; fabrication＂ in English and Chinese, respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： The fabrication technologies of three-dimensional porous cartilage tissue engineering scaffolds are as follows： Phase separation/freeze-drying, hydrogels, rapid prototyping manufacturing, electrospinning, solvent casting/particulate leaching, gas foaming. The current cartilage studies have demonstrated that the pore size has a significance on the regeneration of the cartilage tissue, the pore size ranging from 100-250 μm allows for the regeneration of bone and cartilage tissue. The scaffold fabricated by the solvent casting/particulate leaching and gas foaming technology at a pore size of 100-250 μm is suitable for the bone and cartilage tissue regeneration. To obtain the adequate biological and mechanical properties, researchers usually combine a variety of methods to fabricate the cartilage tissue engineering scaffolds.