新疆哈萨克族居民饮茶习惯与氟中毒

新疆哈萨克族主要从事牧业生产,因膳食中肉、乳较多,形成了大量饮砖茶的习惯。本次调查了饮用水含氟量均在0.5mg/L以下的哈萨克族牧民,8～15岁儿童氟斑牙率在30％左右,而使用同样含氟浓度饮水的汉族儿童氟斑牙率则在15％以下,哈萨克族儿童氟斑牙积分及氟斑牙指数均高于汉族。在一水氟为0.15mg/L的牧场,随机拍摄16岁以上人群骨X线片,氟骨症检出率为16.67％。居民食商品粮,蔬菜甚少,饮砖茶制作的奶茶,人均日消耗砖茶量为20.44克,由砖茶所摄入氟量为9.81毫克;汉族居民人均日耗茶量为3.65克,由茶摄入氟仅1.74毫克。群体尿氟也表明哈萨克族明显高于汉族(2.01±1.46mg/L和 0.82±0.41mg/L)。浸茶实验表明,砖茶浸出氟为480.0mg/kg。除哈萨克族外,蒙古族、维吾尔族和塔吉克族等也都有饮茶习惯,在多民族居住的新疆地区,应对饮茶氟中毒加以注意。

Fluorosis and Habit of Drinking Tea in Kazak in Xinjiang

The Kazak people living in the pastored area of Xinjiang have a time-honoved habit of drinking tea. Fluorosis, as an endemic disease, is prevalent among them for a long time, but no reliable information was available before now. The chief aim of this preliminary work is to investigate the nature of the fluorosis in Kazak people who have the habit of drinking tea. It was found that the fluoride levels in drinking water were less than 0.5ppm there, that dental fluorosis rate in the children aged 8-15 years was about 30%, and that skeletal fluorosis rate in the people aged over 16 years in a typical pasture, where the drinking water was only 0.15ppm, was 16.67%. According to the method of tea infusion of Kazak, a mean content of fluoride found 480mg per kilogram in brick-teas commercially available in the endemic area. The mean of tea consumption in Kazak was 20.44g, and that only 3.65g in Han people. In general, the mean value of fluoride from drinking tea taken daily by people was 9.81mg in Kazak and 5.61 times that in Han people living in same place.The research we have done suggests the cause of fluorosis in Kazak people could be laid on the blame on drinking tea too much.