Tolerance and chimerism and allogeneic bone marrow/stem cell transplantation in liver transplantation |
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Authors: | Sheng-Li Wu Cheng-En Pan |
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Institution: | Sheng-Li Wu, Cheng-En Pan, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China |
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Abstract: | The liver has particular tolerogenic properties that allow its spontaneous acceptance in some animal species. Liver structure is considered to favor a tolerogenic environment. The peripheral tolerance mechanisms also play a role in spontaneous tolerance to liver graft. In a clinical setting, the main challenge nowadays facing liver transplantation is minimization of immunosuppression with the goal of donor-specific tolerance. Mechanisms involved in tolerance to transplanted organs are complex and partly unknown. A significant mechanism in tolerance induction is chimerism. Chimerism can be induced through transplantation of allogeneic donor bone marrow/stem cells under appropriate host conditioning. This review focuses on the tolerance mechanisms in liver transplantation and highlights the role of chimerism and allogeneic bone marrow/stem cell transplantation in tolerance development. |
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Keywords: | Immunotolerance Chimerism Bone marrow transplantation Stem cell transplantation Liver transplantation |
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