载体与基因转染的研究进展

基因载体是指将基因或其它核酸物质运载到细胞中的工具.其化学本质可以是蛋白质或多肽、核酸、脂类、糖类、其它有机分子或它们的复合物.基因传递系统是基因治疗的重要组成部分,也是目前基因治疗的瓶颈.现有的基因载体包括两类.即病毒载体和非病毒载体.病毒载体转染效率高,但由于其转染具有免疫原性和致突变性限制了它的应用;非病毒载体系统具有低毒、低免疫原性和相对靶向性等优点,是新兴发展起来的基因转移系统.就各种载体的最新研究进展作一综述.

Progress in the studies on gene vectors and gene transfection

Gene vector is defined as a tool which can carry and transfer gene or other nucleic acid material into cells. Its chemical nature can be protein or polypeptide, nucleic acid, lipide, carbohydrate, and other polar molecule or its compound. As an.important part of gene therapy, gene delivery system is also the bottleneck of gene therapy. There are two existent gene vectors defined as viral vectosr and non-viral vectors. Generally, high transfection efficiency can be achieved by the application of viral vectors. But the application of viral vectors has been restricted by its immunogenicity and mutngenic potential as side effects. As a novel gene delivery system, non-viral vectors have the advantages of low toxicity, low immunogenicity, and relative targeting effect. This article provides a review on the latest research progress about various kinds of vectors.