严重急性呼吸综合征肺脏及免疫器官淋巴细胞亚群分析

目的 探讨严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)肺脏的免疫反应类型和状况，及免疫器官淋巴细胞亚群的数量变化。方法 采用免疫组织化学方法，以CD3、CD4、CD8、CD20、CD57、CD68、S-100、HLA-DR单克隆抗体，对1例重型SARS的肺组织及免疫器官中多种淋巴细胞亚群进行标记，并以健康人体脾脏及淋巴结作对照，观察分析各淋巴亚群的分布及数量变化。结果 该例重型SARS病例肺间质中主要以CD8^ 淋巴细胞浸润为主，杂以少数CD4^ 淋巴细胞。淋巴细胞亚群半定量分析显示，31枚胸腔淋巴结中，CD3^ 、CD4^ 、CD8^ 和CD20^ 细胞数减少的淋巴结百分率分别为74．2％、67．7％、74．2％、83．9％，其中各淋巴细胞亚群明显减少者比例较高，腹腔淋巴结中各淋巴细胞亚群减少较轻；脾脏中CD3^ 、CD4^ 、CD8^ 、CD20^ 细胞均呈不同程度的减少，其中以CD20^ 细胞数目减少最为显著；而淋巴结及脾脏中CD57^ 、CD68^ 、S-100^ 、HLA-DR^ 细胞数目呈相对增加改变。结论 结果提示SARS肺组织原位以细胞免疫反应为主，推测肺脏内细胞免疫反应可能具有清除受感染细胞内冠状病毒病原体和诱发肺组织免疫损伤的双重作用；疾病后期重型SARS病例免疫器官可能存在淋巴细胞亚群的不同程度减少及比例失衡，并呈围病变肺组织愈近，淋巴结内主要淋巴细胞亚群减少愈甚之趋势。

AN ANALYSIS OF LYMPHOCYTE SUBGROUPS IN THE LUNG AND IMMUNE ORGANS IN AN AUTOPSY CASE OF SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME

Objective To explore the status of immune responses in the lungs and the changes in lymphocyte subgroups in the immune organs in a patient having been suffered from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Methods The distribution and number of lymphocyte subgroups in the lungs and immune organs from an autopsy case of SARS were analyzed by using immunochemical staining with an array of monoclonal antibodies including CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD57, CD68, S-100 and HLA-DR. Healthy spleen and lymph nodes were used as normal controls. Results CD8 + T lymphocytes constituted the major component of infiltration of inflammatory cells in the pulmonary interstitium. A semi-quantitative analysis of lymphocyte subgroups revealed that the percentage of CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 + or CD20 + lymphocyte in a total of 31 thoracic lymph nodes of the SARS case were decreased by 74.2%, 67.7%, 74.2%, and 83.9%, respectively, compared with healthy controls. However, the percentages of lymphocyte subgroups in the celiac lymph nodes were less decreased than those in thoracic lymph nodes. The numbers of CD20 + , CD3 +, CD4 + and CD8 + lymphocytes were also decreased. CD20 + lymphocyte were notably decreased in the spleen, while CD57 +, CD68 +, S-100 + and HLA-DR + cells were increased relatively in the lymph nodes and spleen. Conclusions The results suggested that cellular immune responses were predominant in the lung of SARS patient, and it might play an important role in getting rid of coronaviruses in the infected cells and inducing immune mediated injuries to the lungs. There might be a decrease in number and imbalance in various degrees in the proportion of lymphocyte subgroups in the immune organs of the patients with severe SARS, and these changes might have a tendency to be more remarkable in lymphatic tissue situated closer to the lungs.