Related factors analysis of body composition and cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease

Objective To investigate the correlation between body composition and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods CKD patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Nephrology of Chongqing General Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019 and had complete clinical biochemical data were divided into CKD patients with CVD and CKD patients without CVD according to their medical history and corresponding auxiliary examinations. Clinical data were collected and anthropometric measurements were conducted. Skeletal muscle index (SMI), appendage lean mass/height2, total body fat (TBF), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), bone mineral capacity, bone mineral density and et al, were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. T test, U test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between body composition and CVD. Results A total of 604 CKD patients were included in this study, including 560 patients (92.7%) with CKD stage 3, 44 patients (7.3%) with CKD stage 4, and 180 CKD patients with CVD (29.8%), 424 CKD patients without CVD (70.2%). Compared with CKD patients without CVD, the proportion of men, the proportion of hypertension, the proportion of diabetes, age, duration of CKD, systolic blood pressure, blood uric acid, waist to hip ratio and waist circumference were higher (all P＜0.05), while low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were lower in CKD patients with CVD (all P＜0.05). In terms of body composition, SMI (t=-11.964, P＜0.001) and body mass index (t=-4.462, P＜0.001) in CKD patients with CVD were significantly lower than those in CKD patients without CVD, but VAT (t=3.089, P=0.002) and TBF (t=5.177, P＜0.001) in CKD patients with CVD were significantly higher. After adjusting for confounders such as age, CKD duration, hypertension history, diabetes history, LDL-C, body mass index, eGFR, TBF, etc. by multivariate logistic regression analysis, the risk of CKD patients suffering from CVD increased significantly with the decrease of SMI with SMI high tertile (36.37%-50.80%) as reference, SMI middle tertile (28.23%-36.31%): OR=1.49, 95%CI 1.24-1.71, P=0.003; SMI low tertile (15.28%-28.19%): OR=2.17, 95%CI 1.79-2.62, P＜0.001], and VAT was not found to be associated with the risk of CVD in CKD patients (P＞0.05). Conclusion Reduction of SMI is independently associated with CVD in CKD patients.