我国乡镇卫生院发展现状及其影响因素分析

目前，我国乡镇卫生院存在的主要问题是卫生资源效率低、预防保健工作滑坡、对村级卫生机构监管弱化。乡镇卫生院困境产生的主要原因是服务能力不高、卫生服务缺乏活力、基本工作经费得不到保证、农民基本卫生需要与有效需求相差甚大。制约乡镇卫生院发展的主要因素为政府财政对农村卫生的投入总量不足、资源配置不合理、管理体制不适应，没有形成稳定可持续的补偿机制和有活力的运行机制。因此，乡镇卫生院要健康、快速发展，必须明确政府责任，加大改革与投入力度，重视人才培养，加强监管和规范医疗行为。

Analysis of the current state of development in domestic township hospitals and influencing factors

At present the major problems confronting domestic township hospitals are inefficient use of health resources, deterioration of preventive and health care work, and weakened supervision over health institutions at the village level. These problems can be chiefly attributed to a low level of service capacity, lack of vitality in the delivery of health services, unavailability of primary funds, and the wide difference between the basic health needs and the effective demands of the farmers. Among the key factors restricting the development of township hospitals are insufficient financial input into rural health from the government, irrational allocation of health resources, inappropriate system of management, and lack of a steady and sustainable system of compensation and a dynamic system of operation. Thus, in order to achieve the sound and speedy development of township hospitals, it is imperative to clarify government responsibilities, expand reform and input, attach importance to talent cultivation, strengthen supervision, and regulate medical behavior.