1989—2008年延边朝鲜族自治州食物中毒分析

背景]分析近20年来延边朝鲜族自治州食物中毒的发生特点和规律,并针对分析结果提出相应的预防及治疗对策.病例报告]对1989—2008年延边朝鲜族自治州的食物中毒统计表及调查结果进行回顾性分析.延边朝鲜族自治州1989—2008年共发生食物中毒75起,中毒人数为2 276人,其中死亡40人;中毒次数最多的年份为2003年,2004年次之;中毒人数最多的年份为1989年,1990年次之;死亡人数最多的年份为1994年,病死率为10.76%,1995年次之.食物中毒发生季节在三季度为最多见,二季度次之.食物中毒场所中中毒次数和中毒人数均以集体食堂为居多,分别占总中毒次数和中毒人数的37.33%,33.33%,餐饮单位次之,死亡人数以农村家庭为多数.中毒食品以动物类食品为多见,占中毒次数的42.67%,植物类食品次之.在食物中毒致病因素中由微生物引起的中毒发生率为最高,分别占中毒次数和中毒人数的33.33%,56.90%.1989—1998年间共发生食物中毒22起,死亡27人,其中属突发事件为18起,占总中毒次数的81.82%;1999—2008年间共发生食物中毒53起,死亡13人,其中属突发事件为15起,占32.50%.讨论]每年食物中毒高发季节到来之前应发布相应的预警公告,监督部门应加强对餐饮业食品原料的索证管理,并加强相关人员的针对性培训,采取有效措施,以避免食物中毒的发生.

Analysis of food poisoning from 1989 to 2008 in Yanbian Korean minority autonomous prefecture

BACKGROUND To analyze the incidence characteristics and regularity of food poisoning in past 20 years in Yanbian Korean minority autonomous prefecture （Yanhian） the past 20 years, and to suggest the corresponding prevention and control countermeasures by analyzing the results. CASE REPORTS The statistical tables and investigated results for food poisoning were retrospectively analyzed from 1989 to 2008 in Yanbian. Total of 75 cases of food poisoning were happened from 1989 to 2008 years in Yanbian, including 2 276 people of food poisoning, in which 40 people were dead. The most of happening food poisoning were in 2003 and 2004, the most of the number of people with food poisoning was in 1989 and 1990, the most of death toll were in 1994 （10.76% of mortality rate） and 1995. The largest of seasons of poisoning occurred in the third quarter, followed in the second quarter. The number of poisoning cases and of poisoning pepole both from collective canteens were largest, 37.33% and 33. 33%, respectively, followed were food and beverage units. The death number were highest in rural families, representing at 45%. Distribution of poisoning food was in most of animality food （42.67%）, second in vegetal food. The most of food poisoning caused by microbial agents that accounting for the number of poisoning cases and the number of poisoning pepole were 33.33% and 56.90%. 22 cases of food poisoning happened and 27 people were dead at period of 1989 to 1998, in which 18 cases of burst out incidents（81.82%） in the total poisoning cases. 53 cases of food poisoning happened by 10 years from 1999 to 2008, in which there were 13 individual of deaths and 15 cases of burst out incidents that accounting for 32.50 %. DISCUSSIONS The supervision departments publish the prewarning notice prior to the arrival of the highest season of food poisoning each year, strengthen the catering industry certification of food materials management, consequently to enhance the targeted staff training, and take positive measures to reduce