7573株病原菌的分布与药物敏感性分析

目的调查医院近3年的病原菌分布及药物敏感性变化，为临床用药提供科学依据。方法对2006年6月至2008年12月医院各类临床标本中分离出的病原菌，应用VITEK32微生物分析仪进行细菌鉴定及药物敏感试验。结果分离并经鉴定的病原菌共计7573株，其中革兰阳性菌1608株（21．23％），居前5位的分别是金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血性葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌、屎肠球菌；革兰阴性菌5965株（78．77％），居前5位的分别是铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、阴沟肠杆菌。3年中部分细菌如金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌对常用抗菌药物的敏感性明显下降。结论该院病原菌耐药率呈上升趋势，应加强对医务人员合理使用抗菌药物的培训，加强细菌耐药监测和临床用药督导。

Distribution of 7 573 Strains Pathogens and Analysis of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests

Objective To investigate the changes of pathogens distribution and bacterial susceptibility in our hospital in last three years and to provide reference for clinical medication. Methods All kinds of bacteria isolated from the patients from Jun. 2006 to Dec. 2008 were analyzed and determined by VITEK32 automatic microbial analysis system. Results Totally, 7 573 strains of pathogens were isolated and identified, including gram-positive bacteria 1 608（21.23% ）, in which the five leadings were respectively staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus haemolyticus, staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. There were 5 965 strains of gram- negative bacteria（78.77% ）, in which the five leadings were respectively Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Eseherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae. The antimicrobial susceptibility of some bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae significantly decreased. Conclusion In our hospital, the drug resistance has an increasing tendency. Thus, in order to apply antibacterial drugs more reasonably, we should enhance the training of medical workers in the control of drug resistance, as well as the supervision of clinical treatments.