山西省应县地方性砷中毒流行病学调查报告

目的查清应县地方性砷中毒病区的流行范围、分布特征和危害程度。方法采用拉网调查方式对应县居民进行流行病学调查,测定饮水中含砷量、含氟量、临床砷中毒患者尿砷以及当地自产粮食中含砷量。结果经检测有197眼饮水井砷超标,超标率达16.49%,不同含砷量的水中含氟量不同(F=21.83,P<0.01),水砷有随井深增加而增高(F=187.53,P<0.01),水氟有随井深增加而降低(F=27.98,P<0.01)。居民尿砷超标率达26.37%,粮食砷均低于国家限量卫生标准,查出临床砷中毒患者216人。确定地方性砷中毒病区村18个,均为轻病区,病区人口16482人。结论应县高砷暴露区域广,居民饮用高砷水时间短,病情轻,低氟低砷水源多埋深于50m左右,应因地制宜地选择安全水源,以保证综合的降氟除砷改水工程防治措施的顺利实施。

Investigation of the epidemiology of endemic arsenism in Ying County of Shanxi Province and the content relationship between water fluoride and water arsenic in aquatic environment

Objective To investigate the epidemical range, the distribution features and the state of endemic arsenism in Ying County. Methods According to the demand of "The National Distribution Investigation and Implementation Project for Endemic Arsenism", an epidemiological investigation on the arsenic content in drinking water and the population exposed to arsenic in Ying County was carried out by screening methods. Arsenic contents in drinking water, urine of arsenism sufferers, local food as well as fluoride content in drinking water were determined. Results It had been observed that 16.49% of the water samples tested exceeded the national quality standard of 0.05 mg/L for drinking water. Water fluoride content varied in water with different content of arsenic (F = 21.83, P < 0.01). Water arsenic content tended to increase along with the depth of wells (F = 187.53, P < 0.01) but that of fluoride tended to decrease (F = 27.98, P < 0.01). 26.37% of the urine samples tested from arsenism sufferers exceeded the national standard. All food samples tested were within the national standard level. 216 patients with endemic arsenism were discovered, 18 diseased villages were confirmed to be the districts of slight arsenism and 16 482 people lived in the area of high-risk. Conclusions Ying County is widely exposed to high arsenic, however, the local people drink arsenic water just in a short period, and thus the situation isn't serious. Since the wells of low content of fluoride and arsenic are mostly sunk about 50m under beneath, hygiene water resource should be chosen safely according to the local conditions to ensure the success of the preventive countermeasures of defluoridation and arsenic removal.