莱芜市1954～2003年麻疹流行趋势

目的　分析莱芜市不同时期麻疹的流行特征 ,探讨加速麻疹控制的措施。方法　对莱芜市 195 4～ 2 0 0 3年麻疹流行病学资料进行分析。结果　自然感染期 (195 4～ 196 6年 )麻疹发病、死亡均居各种传染病之首 ;流行周期 1～ 2年 ;城市发病高于农村 ;发病高峰集中在春季 ,发病人群以学龄前儿童为主。计划免疫期 (1979～ 2 0 0 3年 )麻疹发病、死亡明显下降 ,流行减少 ,以散发为主 ;农村发病高于城市 ;发病季节高峰后移 ,峰值削平 ;发病人群集中在学龄前儿童和成人。结论　由于计划免疫的实施。莱芜市麻疹发病率大幅度下降 ,但仍有散在发生或流行。今后 ,应进一步健全麻疹监测系统 ,调整免疫策略 ,进一步提高免疫覆盖率 ,降低麻疹高发年龄段发病。

Epidemic Trend of Measles from 1954 to 2003 in Laiwu

Objective This investigation was to analyze the epidemic characteristics of measles during different periods and probe into measures to accelerate control of measles. Methods Epidemiological data of measles from 1954 to 2003 in Laiwu was analyzed. Results In natural infection period (1954-1966), both incidence and mortality of measles ranked the highest among various infectious diseases; the epidemic was frequent, with a cycle of 1-2 years; the incidence in cities was higher than rural regions; the peak of onset was focused on spring with pre-school children as a predominating population. In planned immunization period (1979-2003), the incidence and mortality of measles declined substantially with less frequent epidemics and sporadic onsets predominating; the incidence in rural areas was higher than cities; the peak of onset was postponed seasonally with peak value cut flat; the onset population was mainly pre-school children and adults. Conclusion We should perfect measles monitoring system, adjust immunization strategy, further improve the coverage rate of immunization and reduce the onset of measles at a high-risk age.