口服补液对40%血容量失血大鼠组织灌流、脏器功能及存活率的影响

目的 研究口服葡萄糖-电解质液(glucose-electrolyte solution,GES)对40%血容量失血大鼠的复苏效果. 方法雄性SD大鼠,用氯胺酮-速眠新Ⅱ肌注复合麻醉后,行右侧颈动脉插管.按随机数字表法分为GES组(16只)、失血性休克(HS)组(HS组,20只)和HS+GES组(20只).GES组:不放血,手术后口服GES;Hs组和HS+GES组按大鼠血容量的40%分两次间隔15 min放血制模,HS+GES组于失血后0.5,1,6 h分3次给予3倍失血量的GES灌胃.测定平均动脉压及24 h肝、肾、胃和小肠组织血流量、红细胞压积、血浆晶体渗透压、血浆谷丙转氨酶、肌酐和二胺氧化酶等指标,并统计3组大鼠24 h存活率. 结果失血后4 h和24 h HS+GES组平均动脉压分别比HS组高9.7%和10.9%(P<0.05).失血后24 h,HS+GES组肝、胃和空肠组织血流量比HS组分别增加18.6%、88.4%和22.0%(P<0.05或0.01),红细胞压积显著低于HS组(P<0.05),血浆谷丙转氨酶、肌酐和二胺氧化酶较HS组显著改善(P<0.01),失血24 h存活率也显著高于HS组(80%:30%,P<0.01).结论 口服补液能显著增加失血性休克大鼠平均动脉压和内脏组织灌流,维持血容量和血浆渗透压,减轻脏器功能损害,增加动物存活率.

Effects of oral rehydration on tissue perfusion, organ function and survival rate in rats with 40% blood volume loss hemorrhagic shock

Objective To investigate the effects of oral glucose-electrolyte solution (GES) on resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock induced by 40% blood volume loss in rats. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into three groups; oral GES without hemorrhagic shock (GES group, n = 16) , hemorrhage shock without fluid resuscitation (HS group, n = 20) and hemorrhagic shock resuscitated with oral GES (HS + GES group, n = 20). About 40% of total blood volume was bled from carotid artery of rats to produce a model of hemorrhagic shock. GES with a volume of three times of blood loss was given three times intragastrically at 0.5, 1 and 6 hours after hemorrhage. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured constantly. Blood flow in liver, kidney, stomach and small intestines, and parameters like hemato-crit, plasma osmotic pressure, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) , creatinine (Cr) and diamine oxidase (DAO) were determined 24 hours after hemorrhage. Survival rates of the rats in three groups were calculated 24 hours after hemorrhage. Results MAPs of HS + GES group were 9. 7% and 10. 9% higher than those of HS group 4 and 24 hours after hemorrhage (P < 0. 05). The blood flow of liver, stomach and small intestines in HS + GES group were 18.6% , 88.4% and 22.0% respectively, higher than those in HS group(P <0.05 or P <0.01) 24 hours after hemorrhage. The hematocrit level of HS + GES group was significantly lower than that of HS group, while the levels of ALT, Cr and DAO in HS + GES group were significantly lower than those in HS group (P <0.01). The survival rate of rats in HS + GES group was 80% , which was significantly higher than 30% in HS group (P <0.01). Conclusions Oral rehydration can significantly improve MAP and tissue perfusion, maintain blood volume and plasma osmotic pressure, alleviate organ damage and hence promote the survival rates of rats with hemorrhagic shock.