蜜蜂蜂毒涂膜剂经皮给药的安全性评价

目的:考察蜜蜂蜂毒(BV)涂膜剂经皮给药的急性毒性、长期毒性、皮肤刺激性及过敏性反应,以评价该涂膜剂的临床前安全性。方法:以大鼠为研究对象,按BV涂膜剂高、中、低剂量(144、96、48 mg/kg)给药,进行急性毒性考察;按BV涂膜剂高、中、低剂量(72、48、24 mg/kg)连续给药28 d,进行长期毒性考察。以家兔为研究对象,采用同体左右侧自身对照法,按BV涂膜剂8mg/kg剂量给药,进行完整皮肤和破损皮肤的刺激性考察。以豚鼠为研究对象,在其左侧背部按BV涂膜剂15 mg/kg(第0、7、14天各1次)致敏给药,右侧背部按BV涂膜剂15 mg/kg激发给药,进行皮肤过敏性考察。结果:BV涂膜剂经皮给药急性毒性实验结果显示,大鼠脏器外观、脏器指数及体质量均无异常变化,未见明显全身毒性反应。长期毒性实验结果显示,末次给药24 h后,除BV涂膜剂低剂量组大鼠脾脏指数,BV涂膜剂中剂量组大鼠睾丸指数以及BV涂膜剂高、中剂量组大鼠附睾指数均显著升高,BV涂膜剂中、低剂量组大鼠血浆中PT显著延长外(P<0.05),大鼠脏器外观及其余脏器指数、凝血指标、血液生化指标均无异常变化;2周恢复期结束后,上述指标均恢复正常。皮肤刺激性实验结果显示,部分家兔皮肤出现轻微红斑或明显的结痂现象,BV涂膜剂对家兔完整或破损皮肤均有轻度刺激性。皮肤过敏性实验结果显示,部分豚鼠皮肤出现轻微红斑,BV涂膜剂对豚鼠皮肤有轻度致敏性。结论:BV涂膜剂经皮给药未表现出急性毒性或长期毒性,仅对皮肤具有轻度刺激性和致敏性,表明该涂膜剂在实验剂量范围内安全性良好。

Safety Evaluation of Bee Venom Plastics with Transdermal Administration

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the acute toxicity,long-term toxicity,skin irritation and anaphylaxis of Bee venom(BV)plastics,and to evaluate its preclinical safety. METHODS:The acute toxicity of BV plastics to rats was investigated after administration of high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose(144,96,48 mg/kg) of BV plastics. The long-term toxicity of BV plastics was investigated by continuous administration of high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose(72,48,24 mg/kg) of BV plastics for 28 days. The irritation of intact and damaged skin in rabbits with 8 mg/kg BV plastics was investigated by using the self-control method of left and right homologous body. The skin anaphylaxis of guinea pig were investigated after sensitized with 15 mg/kg BV plastics on the left back(on 0,7 th,14 th day)and stimulated with 15 mg/kg BV plastics on the right back. RESULTS:During the acute toxicity experiment with BV plastic,the weight of rats and the changes of viscera were normal,and there was no relevant toxic reaction. Long-term toxicity test results showed that no significant pathological changes were observed at 24 h after the last administration;the spleen index of rats in BV low-dose group,testicular index in middle-dose group and epididymis index in high-dose and middle-dose groups were significantly increased,while PT in plasma of rats in BV medium-dose and low-dose groups was significantly prolonged(P<0.05). There were no abnormal changes in organ appearance, other organ index,coagulation index and blood biochemical index. All above indexes became normal at the end of 2-week recovery period.Skin irritation test showed that BV plastics could cause slight erythema and obvious scab on the skin of rabbits which along with little irritation on intact or damaged skin. Skin anaphylaxis test showed that BV plastics produced mild erythema in the skin of guinea pigs, belonging to light allergy. CONCLUSIONS: No acute or long-term toxicity is observed after transdermal administration of BV plastics,which is safe and only causes mild irritation and irritability to skin,indicating there is good safety of the plastic under experiment doses.