吉产不同生长年限人参中8种主要人参皂苷与人参皂苷Rg_1比值的变化规律研究

目的:探讨吉产不同生产年限人参中8种主要人参皂苷与人参皂苷Rg_1的比值的变化规律,为其生长年限的鉴别提供参考。方法:收集吉林省不同生长年限(3～30年)的园参、林下参、野山参样品,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定人参中人参皂苷Rg_1、Re、Rf、Rb_1、Rc、Rb_2、Rb_3、Rd等8种成分的含量;计算各皂苷单体含量及8种人参皂苷总含量分别与人参皂苷Rg_1含量的比值,并探究该比值与生长年限的关系。结果:随人参生长年限的增长,园参中8种人参皂苷总含量与人参皂苷Rg_1的比值及人参皂苷Re、Rb_1、Rc、Rd单体含量与人参皂苷Rg_1的比值均逐渐减小(P<0.001),林下参中人参皂苷Re与人参皂苷Rg_1的比值呈先减小后增加趋势(P<0.001),野山参中8种人参皂苷总含量与人参皂苷Rg_1的比值及人参皂苷Re、Rb_1与人参皂苷Rg_1的比值均逐渐增加(P<0.001),而园参、林下参、野山参中人参皂苷Rf、Rb_3与人参皂苷Rg_1的比值则均无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:园参、林下参、野山参均含有8种人参皂苷成分,可根据人参皂苷Rg_1含量和人参皂苷Re、Rb_1单体含量与人参皂苷Rg_1的比值初步推测其生长年限。

Study on the Proportion Regularity of 8 Kinds of Ginsenoside to Ginsenoside Rg_1 in Panax ginseng of Different Growth Years in Jilin Province

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the proportion of 8 kinds of ginsenoside to ginsenoside Rg1 in Panax ginseng and the regularity of growth year in Jilin province,and to provide reference for the identification of growth year.METHODS:The samples of garden ginseng,wild-cultivated ginseng and wild ginseng were collected from different growth years(3-30 years)in Jilin province.The contents of 8 ginsenoside(ginsenoside Rg1,Re,Rf,Rb1,Rc,Rb2,Rb3,Rd)in P.ginseng were determined by HPLC.The contents of saponins as well as the proportion of 8 kinds of ginsenoside to ginsenoside Rg1 were calculated;the relationship of the proportion with growth year was investigated.RESULTS:As the increase of growth year,the proportion of 8 kinds of ginsenosides in garden ginseng to ginsenoside Rg1 as well as that of ginsenoside Re,Rb1,Rc,Rd to ginsenoside Rg1 were decreased gradally(P<0.001);the proportion of ginsenoside Re to ginsenoside Rg1 in wild-cultivated ginseng decreased first and then increased(P<0.001);the proportion of 8 kinds of ginsenosides to ginsenoside Rg1 as well as the proportion of ginsenoside Re and Rb1 to ginsenoside Rg1 were increased gradually in wild ginseng(P<0.001);the proportion of ginsenoside Rf,Rb3 to ginsenoside Rg1 in garden ginseng,wild-cultivated ginseng and wild ginseng had no significant difference(P>0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Garden ginseng,wild-cultivated ginseng and wild ginseng contain 8 kinds of ginsenosides.The growth year can be predicted preliminarily according to the proportion of ginsenoside Rg1 and ginsenoside Re,Rb1 to ginsenoside Rg1.