成都城乡几种常见老年病流行病学调查

目的：了解影响老年人生存质量的几种常见老年病的现状和分布特点。方法：用整群随机抽样方法选取成都城乡１ ０１６例６０岁及其以上老年人，进行问卷调查和体检。结果：老年人中前列腺增生、老年聋、白内障、骨关节病、骨折、便秘的患病率在城市分别为５７．５％ 、２２．２％ 、４６．２％ 、２０．８％ 、１０．４％ 、４．７％ ，在农村分别为２３．１％ 、２３．９％ 、４５．９％ 、１７．５％ 、１０．２％ 、１２．６％ 。老年人前列腺增生和骨关节病患病率城市高于乡村（Ｐ＜ ０．０１），而便秘乡村高于城市（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。除前列腺增生外，其他疾病的患病率均为女性高于男性。老年聋、白内障、骨折和便秘的患病率均随年龄增加而上升。老年人上述几种常见病的既往诊断率均低于现患率，乡村尤为显著。结论：应加强老年人常见病的防治工作。

An Epidemiological Studyon Common Diseases of Elderly in Urban and Rural Areas of Chengdu

Objective:To find out status and distribution characteristics of some common diseases for the elderly,which affect quality of life(QoL) of the elderly.Methods: 1 016 aged 60 and over in the urban and rural areas of Chengdu were randomly cluster sampled and investigated by questionnaire and medical examination.Results:The prevalence rates of prostate hyperplasia,deafness,cataract,osteoarthropathy,bone fracture and constipation were 57 5%,22 2%,46 2%,20 8%,10 4% and 4 7%,respectively in the urban elderly,while 23 1%,23 9%,45 9%,17 5%,10 2% and 12 6%,respectively in the rural elderly.The prevalence rates of prostate hyperplasia and osteoarthropathy were higher in the urban elderly than that in the rural elderly( P <0 01).However,the prevalence rate of constipation was higher in the rural elderly than in the urban elderly( P <0 01);the prevalence rates of all diseases except prostate hyperplasia were higher in women than that in men;the prevalence rates of deafness,cataract,bone fracture and constipation increased with age.The prevalence rates of all diseases above mentioned were lower by past diagnosing than that by present medical examination,especially obvious in the rural elderly.Conclusion:Prevention and treatment of the common diseases of elderly should be strengthened.